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Archives Volume-12, Issue-2 (July-December)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Paper Title:
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Author Name:
XXXXXXXXXX
Country:
India
Page No.:
1-3
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Author: XXXXXXXXXX

This paper is rejected.

Paper Title:
ACCELERATING SDG 9 IN INDIA (2014–2024): INNOVATION, INDUSTRY, AND INFRASTRUCTURE FOR INCLUSIVE DEVELOPMENT
Author Name:
Rahul Chaudhary, Devendra Kumar Dixit
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16436096
Page No.:
4-14
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ACCELERATING SDG 9 IN INDIA (2014–2024): INNOVATION, INDUSTRY, AND INFRASTRUCTURE FOR INCLUSIVE DEVELOPMENT
Author: Rahul Chaudhary, Devendra Kumar Dixit

This study critically evaluates India's progress toward SDG 9 over the decade 2014–2024, with a focus on fostering resilient infrastructure, inclusive and sustainable industrialization, and innovation capacity. Using secondary data from national indices, policy documents, and academic sources, the research analyzes trends across key indicators—such as rural road connectivity, manufacturing value added, and state-level innovation performance. The findings reveal significant disparities: while states like Karnataka, Gujarat, and Tamil Nadu lead in infrastructure readiness and innovation, others such as Bihar, Jharkhand, and Assam lag behind, constrained by structural deficits in access, investment, and institutional capacity.
The study further examines the impact of flagship programs like Make in India, Startup India, Digital India, and the National Infrastructure Pipeline, highlighting their uneven reach and regional concentration. Cross-SDG linkages are explored, particularly with SDGs 4, 8, and 11, emphasizing the systemic nature of inclusive industrial development. Ultimately, the paper argues that achieving SDG 9’s objectives requires decentralized policy interventions, state-specific planning, and a strong focus on equity and regional inclusion. Without these, national progress risks masking deep-seated subnational disparities that could undermine long-term development goals.

Paper Title:
EMPOWERMENT AMONGST WOMEN- A STEP TOWARDS DEVELOPMENT
Author Name:
Harpreet Kaur
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16568628
Page No.:
15-22
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EMPOWERMENT AMONGST WOMEN- A STEP TOWARDS DEVELOPMENT
Author: Harpreet Kaur

ABSTRACT
Empowerment is an act of giving power. Thus women‟s empowerment is the act of
empowering women i.e, to give them the power or authority. Empowerment is an active
multi-dimensional process that enables women to realize their full identity and powers in all
spheres of life. Empowerment is a process, which helps people to gain control of their lives
through raising awareness, taking action and working in order to exercise greater control.
Women Empowerment means Political Rights, Social Rights, Judicial Strength, Economic
stability, and all other rights should be given in an equal manner to women with respect to
men. Most countries today consider gender equality and women‟s empowerment to be
essential for the development and well-being of families, communities, and nations. No
nation, society, and family can flourish and be happy if fifty percent of its population, i.e.
women and girls, are not respected, free and happy.
Key Words: Awareness, Beti, Development, Empowerment, Exploitation, Legal, Stability

Paper Title:
AWARENESS LEVEL TOWARDS FORENSIC ACCOUNTING TECHNIQUES AND ADVANCED AUDITING TECHNOLOGIES AMONG ACCOUNTING PRACTITIONER AND PROFESSIONALS- AN EXPLORATORY STUDY
Author Name:
Rakhi Mann, Manoj Kumar
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16601888
Page No.:
23-33
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AWARENESS LEVEL TOWARDS FORENSIC ACCOUNTING TECHNIQUES AND ADVANCED AUDITING TECHNOLOGIES AMONG ACCOUNTING PRACTITIONER AND PROFESSIONALS- AN EXPLORATORY STUDY
Author: Rakhi Mann, Manoj Kumar

ABSTRACT
Financial irregularities have become an increasingly prevalent issue in the business
landscape, particularly in India, where they pose serious threats to investor confidence,
stakeholder trust, and public perception. These irregularities take multiple forms, each with
its own methods and consequences. To combat such challenges, organizations are turning to
Business Forensics and Advanced Audit Technologies, which play a crucial role in accurately
detecting, preventing, and addressing financial misconduct. This study explored eight critical
dimensions—Auditability, Modernization, Capability, Efficiency, Evolution, Technological
Integration, Enablement, and Convergence. Utilizing a Multi-Stage Sampling approach, data
was collected from 400 accounting professionals and practitioners based in the Delhi NCR
region. The findings indicated that all eight dimensions were statistically significant, with pvalues of 0.00 at the 0.01 level of significance, reflecting strong agreement among
participants.
Keywords: [Financial Irregularities, Auditability, Modernization, Capability, Efficiency,
Evolution, Technological Integration, Enablement, and Convergence & Accounting
Practioners & Professionals]

Paper Title:
EVOLVING EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS IN RURAL HARYANA: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL AND NONAGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES
Author Name:
Naveen Sharma
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16725498
Page No.:
34-43
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EVOLVING EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS IN RURAL HARYANA: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL AND NONAGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES
Author: Naveen Sharma

ABSTRACT
This study examines the changing employment landscape in rural Haryana, using unit-level
data from the Periodic Labour Force Surveys (PLFS) of 2017-18 and 2022-23. It provides a
comparative analysis of agricultural and non-agricultural employment patterns across
religious groups, social categories, and consumption brackets. The findings highlight a
decline in casual agricultural labour and a marginal shift towards self-employment,
particularly among higher-income and dominant social groups. Conversely, marginalized
communities remain more dependent on informal and unstable non-farm jobs. The paper
underscores the increasing diversification of income sources and the growing share of regular
wage/salary earners, reflecting broader socio-economic transformations. These trends have
significant implications for rural employment policy and targeted interventions in the state.
Keywords: Rural Employment Patterns, Agricultural and Non-Farm Sector, Social and
Religious Disparities, PLFS Data Analysis, Employment Diversification in Haryana

Paper Title:
IMPACT OF ONLINE REVIEW CHARACTERISTICS ON GEN Z CONSUMER’S PURCHASE INTENTION: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF TRUST
Author Name:
Yashu Garg, Navpreet Kaur & Krishan Gopal
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16900545
Page No.:
44-49
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IMPACT OF ONLINE REVIEW CHARACTERISTICS ON GEN Z CONSUMER’S PURCHASE INTENTION: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF TRUST
Author: Yashu Garg, Navpreet Kaur & Krishan Gopal

ABSTRACT
This study explores the impact of online review characteristics on the purchase intention of
Generation Z consumers, with trust examined as a mediating factor. Data was collected from
250 Gen Z respondents across major cities in Punjab, including Amritsar, Jalandhar, and
Ludhiana. Using structural equation modeling, the study reveals that the usefulness of online
reviews significantly shapes both trust and purchase decisions, while review valence and
credibility show limited direct influence. Trust emerges as a key mediator, highlighting its
crucial role in converting online review perceptions into consumer action. The findings offer
practical insights for marketers and e-commerce platforms aiming to engage Gen Z more
effectively.
Keywords: Online Reviews, Generation Z, Purchase Intention, Trust, SEM

Paper Title:
DIGITAL HEALTH SOLUTIONS FOR IMPROVING HEALTHCARE ACCESS AND DELIVERY IN RURAL AREAS
Author Name:
Shipra Damir & Khushboo Sharma
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16916993
Page No.:
50-61
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DIGITAL HEALTH SOLUTIONS FOR IMPROVING HEALTHCARE ACCESS AND DELIVERY IN RURAL AREAS
Author: Shipra Damir & Khushboo Sharma

ABSTRACT
In the contemporary era, digital health solutions have emerged as a transformative force in
the healthcare sector, particularly in rural areas where access to quality medical services
remains a critical challenge (Sharma, 2021). The integration of digital health technologies,
including telemedicine, mobile health (mHealth), electronic health records (EHRs), and
artificial intelligence-driven diagnostics, has significantly enhanced healthcare accessibility,
affordability, and efficiency (Patel & Gupta, 2022). This research paper explores the role of
digital health solutions in improving healthcare access and delivery in rural settings,
analyzing both the opportunities and challenges associated with their implementation (Jones
et al., 2020).
Keywords: Digital Health, Telemedicine, Rural Healthcare, M-Health, Artificial Intelligence
in Healthcare

Paper Title:
A PAPER ON THE ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF CRUDE OIL PRICE MOVEMENTS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON INDIA'S KEY MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS
Author Name:
Meenakshi Rani & Gurjot Kaur
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16941735
Page No.:
62-70
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A PAPER ON THE ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF CRUDE OIL PRICE MOVEMENTS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON INDIA'S KEY MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS
Author: Meenakshi Rani & Gurjot Kaur

ABSTRACT
This research explores how Brent Crude Oil prices influence significant Indian
macroeconomic variables such as the exchange rate (₹/USD), Sensex, Nifty 50, and
Consumer Price Index (CPI %), based on monthly data covering the years 2015-2024. The
study seeks to analyze the sensitivity of these variables to changes in global crude oil prices.
Secondary data was obtained from publicly accessible websites like Yahoo Finance,
Investing.com, and the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MOSPI).
Analytical techniques like correlation analysis, trend charts, and linear regression were
utilized with Microsoft Excel. The findings indicate that crude oil prices statistically
significantly and positively affect both the exchange rate and stock market indices. A high
positive correlation and large regression coefficients indicate that an increase in crude prices
helps in rupee depreciation and has a positive relationship with increases in Sensex and Nifty
50 values. Yet, the effect of the price of crude oil on CPI-based inflation proves to be small
and statistically insignificant and, therefore, reflects that Indian inflation is more a function of
domestic economic forces rather than external movements in the price of oil. These results
provide greater clarity on the mechanisms by which commodity price shocks in international
markets pass through to domestic financial markets and provide guidance for policymakers
and investors operating in oil-sensitive economies such as India.
Keywords - Crude Oil Prices, Exchange Rate, Sensex, Nifty 50, CPI Inflation, Indian
Economy

Paper Title:
STATUS OF EDUCATION IN PUNJAB
Author Name:
Harpreet Kaur
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16980833
Page No.:
71-76
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STATUS OF EDUCATION IN PUNJAB
Author: Harpreet Kaur

ABSTRACT
Education is one of the critical inputs in economic development and crucial factor in the
creation of a civil society. It develops the capability of citizens of a country through schooling
for the purpose of diffusion of knowledge and various skills. Highly skilled and trained
human beings are definitely more productive than illiterate and unskilled persons. They have
the capacity to better organize their social and economic environment and resources.
Therefore, having greater productivity, the education is not only a vehicle of upward social
and economic mobility of individuals but of the society as a whole. In fact, education has
enormous amount of private and social returns.
KEY WORDS: Education, Constitution, Government, Primary, Provisions, Status.

Paper Title:
AN ANALYTICAL EXAMINATION OF DELIVERING HIGH-QUALITY, INCLUSIVE, AND EQUITABLE EDUCATION WHILE CREATING CHANCES FOR LIFELONG LEARNING ACCESSIBLE TO ALL
Author Name:
Alok Kumar
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17097789
Page No.:
77-82
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AN ANALYTICAL EXAMINATION OF DELIVERING HIGH-QUALITY, INCLUSIVE, AND EQUITABLE EDUCATION WHILE CREATING CHANCES FOR LIFELONG LEARNING ACCESSIBLE TO ALL
Author: Alok Kumar

ABSTRAT
Goal 4—sustainable development—is recognized as a separate aim. Given the severe impact
of COVID-19 on the sector, leading to educational setbacks in four out of the five examined
countries, it is no longer feasible to advance towards high-quality education at the previous
slow rate. By 2030, both high-quality postsecondary education and elementary and secondary
education should be accessible for all boys and girls at no cost. It is essential to eliminate
gender and economic inequalities and to ensure fair access to affordable vocational training.
Many other Sustainable Development Goals (S.D.G.s) depend on education for their
achievement. Individuals can break free from the cycle of poverty when they receive a
quality education. Education is a key factor in achieving gender equality and reducing
inequality. Moreover, it enhances and extends the quality of life for everyone. Beyond
fostering individual acceptance, education also plays a role in building more peaceful
communities. To achieve Goal 4, it is crucial to prioritize education funding at the national
level. Implementing strategies such as guaranteeing free public education, expanding the
teacher workforce, enhancing the fundamental infrastructure of schools, and embracing
digital transformation are also vital.
Keywords: digital transformation, high-quality education, and sustainable development
goals.

Paper Title:
भारत में कॉरपोरेट क्षेत्र में दीर्घ कालिक वित्तपोषण के स्रोत और उनका तुलनात्मक अध्ययन
Author Name:
पीयूष कुमार गुप्ता
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17112645
Page No.:
83-98
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भारत में कॉरपोरेट क्षेत्र में दीर्घ कालिक वित्तपोषण के स्रोत और उनका तुलनात्मक अध्ययन
Author: पीयूष कुमार गुप्ता

शोध सार
यह शोध "भारत में कॉरपोरेट क्षेत्र में दीर्घकालिक वित्तपोषण के स्रोत और उनका तुलनात्मक अध्ययन" पर आधारित है। अध्ययन का मुख्य उद्देश्य भारतीय कॉरपोरेट क्षेत्र में उपलब्ध दीर्घकालिक वित्तपोषण के विभिन्न स्रोतों की पहचान करना, उनकी लागत, लाभ, सीमाएँ और व्यवहारिक उपयोगिता का तुलनात्मक विश्लेषण करना है। इसमें आंतरिक स्रोतों जैसे रिटेन्ड अर्निंग्स और रिज़र्व्स से लेकर बाहरी स्रोतों जैसे इक्विटी शेयर, प्रेफरेंस शेयर, डिबेंचर्स, टर्म लोन, विदेशी निवेश (FDI, ECB, ADR, GDR) तथा वेंचर कैपिटल और प्राइवेट इक्विटी तक की भूमिका का अध्ययन किया गया। शोध में वित्तीय अनुपात विश्लेषण, तुलनात्मक अध्ययन तथा सांख्यिकीय उपकरणों (जैसे सहसंबंध व प्रतिगमन विश्लेषण) का प्रयोग कर निष्कर्ष निकाले गए। परिणामों से स्पष्ट होता है कि भारतीय कंपनियाँ वित्तीय स्थिरता हेतु आंतरिक स्रोतों को प्राथमिकता देती हैं, किन्तु बड़े प्रोजेक्ट्स और वैश्विक प्रतिस्पर्धा हेतु बाहरी व विदेशी निवेश की ओर भी अग्रसर हो रही हैं। पूंजी बाजार एवं बैंकिंग प्रणाली की जटिलताएँ, उच्च पूंजी लागत और नियामक ढाँचे की चुनौतियाँ अभी भी बाधक बनी हुई हैं। अध्ययन इस बात पर बल देता है कि वित्तपोषण प्रणाली में सुधार, MSMEs व स्टार्टअप्स हेतु विशेष विकल्प और ग्रीन फाइनेंस जैसे दीर्घकालिक मॉडल अपनाकर भारतीय कॉरपोरेट क्षेत्र की वित्तीय क्षमता और सतत विकास को सुदृढ़ किया जा सकता है।
कुंजी शब्द : दीर्घकालिक वित्तपोषण, भारतीय कॉरपोरेट क्षेत्र, इक्विटी शेयर, डिबेंचर्स, विदेशी निवेश, बैंक ऋण, वेंचर कैपिटल, पूंजी लागत, तुलनात्मक अध्ययन, ग्रीन फाइनेंस।

Paper Title:
CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS OF MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISE (MSMEs)
Author Name:
Deepa Iranna Itagi
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17139711
Page No.:
99-103
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CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS OF MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISE (MSMEs)
Author: Deepa Iranna Itagi

ABSTRACT:
The foundation of the Indian industry is made up of Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized
Enterprises (MSME), which act as a catalyst for economic change by generating employment
possibilities and inspiring low-skilled individuals to engage in entrepreneurial activities. It
has spread to both urban and rural areas. The economical development of the country is
significantly influenced by MSME's. Their inventive, efficient, flexible, and productive
entrepreneurial attitude also makes a substantial contribution to the expansion of the
economy. The MSME sector, which accounts for a significant amount of the country's
manufacturing output, is responsible for most of the country's industrial production and
exports, employment growth, and job creation. Understanding MSMEs' performance and
growth, as well as their difficulties and opportunities, is the primary goal of this study. It also
aims to comprehend how MSMEs contribute to India's economic development. The findings
of this investigation largely support the general consensus. The concepts and
recommendations from the study can enhance entrepreneurial ability.
Keywords: MSMEs, Entrepreneurial, Economic Development, MSMEs Act

Paper Title:
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MAHILA SAMMAN SAVINGS CERTIFICATE SCHEME WITH OTHER SMALL SCHEMES FOR WOMEN EMPOWERMENT IN KERALA
Author Name:
Ajith.K.S
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17151689
Page No.:
104-113
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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MAHILA SAMMAN SAVINGS CERTIFICATE SCHEME WITH OTHER SMALL SCHEMES FOR WOMEN EMPOWERMENT IN KERALA
Author: Ajith.K.S

ABSTRACT
The study compares the Mahila Samman Savings Certificate Scheme with other small
schemes aimed at empowering women in Kerala. It examines how these schemes impact
women’s financial independence and socio-economic status. The research focuses on understanding the effectiveness, benefits, and challenges faced by each scheme in promoting women’s empowerment in the region. Through this comparative analysis, the study aims to provide insights into which schemes are most beneficial and sustainable for supporting women’s
economic empowerment in Kerala.
Keywords
Mahila Samman Savings Certificate Scheme, Women empowerment, Women’s economic
independence

Paper Title:
BEYOND THE BOUNDARIES OF RELIGION: FOLK LIFE IN THE SCULPTURES OF BISHNUPUR TEMPLE IN WEST BENGAL
Author Name:
Tanmay Sen
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17164750
Page No.:
114-120
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BEYOND THE BOUNDARIES OF RELIGION: FOLK LIFE IN THE SCULPTURES OF BISHNUPUR TEMPLE IN WEST BENGAL
Author: Tanmay Sen

ABSTRACT
This paper analyses from the perspective of Fine Arts how the sculptures of the terracotta
temples of Bishnupur region of Bankura district of West Bengal reflect diverse aspects of
folk life beyond religious depictions. In addition to gods and goddesses, the Malla dynasty
temples of Bishnupur also depict agriculture, dance and music, politics, hunting and general
public life. Through these scenes, the temples are considered not only places of worship, but
also as a moving social and cultural document. The article analyzes the patterns of terracotta
panels from temples like Jor Bangla, Shyam Rai, Madan Mohan and Rasmancha, where the
daily lives of farmers, musicians, soldiers, kings and subjects are depicted with imagination
and artistic technique. The similarities and differences between the terracotta art of Bishnupur
and the depiction of daily life in Ajanta cave paintings and Mughal miniatures are also
discussed. This article proves that folk culture and social reality are an important part of
temple-based pictorial language. Through sculpture, artists have not only highlighted
religion, but also the underlying form and rhythm of life. From this perspective, the terracotta
art of Bishnupur is not only a symbol of religious practice, but also a historical and aesthetic
socio-pictorial.
Keywords: 1. Bishnupur Temple Sculpture 2. Terracotta art 3. Folk life and culture 4. Social
history of Bishnupur 5. Visual documentation and art theory

Paper Title:
CYBERSECURITY AWARENESS AMONG STUDENTS IN THE ERA OF ONLINE EDUCATION
Author Name:
Rajji Rani & Jatinder K Gaba
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17164995
Page No.:
121-123
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CYBERSECURITY AWARENESS AMONG STUDENTS IN THE ERA OF ONLINE EDUCATION
Author: Rajji Rani & Jatinder K Gaba

ABSTRACT
The digital shift in education, especially post-COVID-19, has introduced opportunities and
vulnerabilities. With a significant increase in the use of online learning platforms, students
have become more susceptible to cyber threats owing to limited cybersecurity awareness.
This study investigates the cybersecurity practices and awareness levels among
undergraduate students, with a specific focus on rural and semi-urban regions. The study
revealed critical gaps in the understanding of phishing attacks, password management, and
safe Internet usage. This study proposes actionable strategies for integrating cyber hygiene
into educational ecosystems.
Keywords: Cybersecurity, Online Education, Digital Literacy, Student Awareness, Phishing,
Data Privacy, EdTech Safety

Paper Title:
EMPLOYEE WELL-BEING AND MENTAL HEALTH: A STRATEGIC IMPERATIVE
Author Name:
Anuradha Averineni, V. Vikas, K. Pavan Kumar Varma, B. Hemanth & T. Hemanth
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17214153
Page No.:
124-128
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EMPLOYEE WELL-BEING AND MENTAL HEALTH: A STRATEGIC IMPERATIVE
Author: Anuradha Averineni, V. Vikas, K. Pavan Kumar Varma, B. Hemanth & T. Hemanth

ABSTRACT
Employee well‐being and mental health have emerged as critical strategic priorities for
organizations globally. This paper investigates how well‐being and mental health initiatives
affect job satisfaction, productivity, and organizational retention in Indian firms. Using
survey data from 400 employees in manufacturing and services sectors, the study examines
the relationship between organizational support, work-life balance, perceived stress, and
employee outcomes. Employing structural equation modelling (SEM), the findings indicate
that organizational support and work-life balance have significant positive effects on job
satisfaction and retention, while perceived stress negatively mediates these relationships. The
study concludes that firms that proactively invest in mental health resources and supportive
policies not only improve employee well‐being but also strengthen their competitive
advantage through improved retention and productivity.
Key Words: Employee Well-being, Organizational Support, Work-Life Balance, Job
Satisfaction, Employee Retention

Paper Title:
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS A STRATEGIC DRIVER OF ENTREPRENEURIAL INNOVATION: BRIDGING DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION, PERSONALIZATION, AND SUSTAINABLE GROWTH
Author Name:
Kavita Dahiya
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17277198
Page No.:
129-144
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS A STRATEGIC DRIVER OF ENTREPRENEURIAL INNOVATION: BRIDGING DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION, PERSONALIZATION, AND SUSTAINABLE GROWTH
Author: Kavita Dahiya

ABSTRACT
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has evolved into a pivotal catalyst for entrepreneurial innovation,
furnishing firms with the capacity to integrate digital transformation, bespoke customer
engagement, and sustainable growth into coherent strategic frameworks. This research
chronicles the processes and consequences of AI assimilation within entrepreneurial
ecosystems situated in Haryana, India, with particular attention allocated to the agriculture,
manufacturing, and services domains. Employing a concurrent-sequential mixed-methods
paradigm, the empirical foundation arose from a survey administered to 390 founders,
supplemented by 30 semi-structured interviews and five illustrative case analyses of AIcentric start-ups. Assessment of the measurement model through Smart PLS substantiated
elevated reliability and convergent validity for all latent constructs; subsequent structural
model analysis substantiated statistically robust, positive pathways from AI assimilation to
digital transformation, customer personalization, and sustainable growth outcomes.
Qualitative data and coding further explicated motivational antecedents for adoption,
observable enhancements in operational efficiency, latent integration impediments, and AI’s
additive role in fostering sustainability benchmarks. Results posit that AI amplifies strategic
querying processes, nurtures customer-oriented product-development cycles, and enables
scalable, ecologically responsible growth trajectories, whilst confronting firms with elevated
upfront investment requisites and pronounced human-capital deficiencies. The study
advances the theoretical literature by appending conceptual entrepreneurial frameworks to
accommodate AI as a mediating construct and articulates actionable guidance for
policymakers, pedagogues, and practitioner communities intent on harnessing AI to yield
sustainable competitive progression.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Entrepreneurial Innovation, Digital Transformation,
Personalization, Strategic Management

Paper Title:
ग्रामीण अर्थव्यवस्था में सीमांत एवं लघु किसानों की समस्या एवं सरकार द्वारा किए गए समाधान का एक विश्लेषण (मुजफ्फरपुर जिला के विशेष संदर्भ में)
Author Name:
भगवान राय & रवीन्द्र कुमार चौधरी
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17291776
Page No.:
145-154
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ग्रामीण अर्थव्यवस्था में सीमांत एवं लघु किसानों की समस्या एवं सरकार द्वारा किए गए समाधान का एक विश्लेषण (मुजफ्फरपुर जिला के विशेष संदर्भ में)
Author: भगवान राय & रवीन्द्र कुमार चौधरी

सारांश
भारत की ग्रामीण अर्थव्यवस्था में सीमांत और लघु किसान, जो देश की कुल कृषि जोत का लगभग 86% हिस्सा जोतते हैं, एक महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाते हैं। बिहार का मुजफ्फरपुर जिला, जो अपनी कृषि-आधारित अर्थव्यवस्था और लिची उत्पादन के लिए प्रसिद्ध है, इन किसानों की चुनौतियों को स्पष्ट रूप से दर्शाता है। यह शोध पत्र सीमांत और लघु किसानों की समस्याओं, जैसे भूमि विखंडन, ऋणग्रस्तता, संसाधनों तक सीमित पहुंच, और बाजार की अनिश्चितताओं का विस्तृत विश्लेषण प्रस्तुत करता है। साथ ही, यह न्यूनतम समर्थन मूल्य (MSP), मृदा स्वास्थ्य कार्ड योजना, और प्रधानमंत्री कृषि सिंचाई योजना जैसी सरकारी योजनाओं के प्रभाव का मूल्यांकन भी करता है। मुजफ्फरपुर जिले के संदर्भ में सांखिकीय आकड़ों के माध्यम से विश्लेषण को समृद्ध किया गया है। अध्ययन से निष्कर्ष निकलता है कि यद्यपि सरकारी पहलों ने कुछ हद तक राहत प्रदान की है, फिर भी संरचनात्मक सुधारों और स्थानीय स्तर पर कार्यान्वयन को मजबूत की जाने की आवश्यकता है। यह पत्र नीति निर्माताओं के लिए सुधार के क्षेत्रों, जैसे बागवानी फसलों के लिए MSP का विस्तार, वित्तीय समावेशन, और जलवायु अनुकूलन पर ध्यान केंद्रित करने की सिफारिश करता है, ताकि ग्रामीण अर्थव्यवस्था को सशक्त बनाया जा सके।
मुख्य शब्द: सीमांत किसान, लघु किसान, ग्रामीण अर्थव्यवस्था, मुजफ्फरपुर जिला, भूमि विखंडन, ऋणग्रस्तता, संसाधनों तक पहुंच, बाजार अनिश्चितताएँ, न्यूनतम समर्थन मूल्य (MSP), मृदा स्वास्थ्य कार्ड योजना, प्रधानमंत्री कृषि सिंचाई योजना

Paper Title:
ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF SERVICE QUALITY ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION: A STUDY OF PAYMENTS BANKS IN PUNJAB
Author Name:
Rajni
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17303707
Page No.:
155-163
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ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF SERVICE QUALITY ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION: A STUDY OF PAYMENTS BANKS IN PUNJAB
Author: Rajni

ABSTRACT
Payment Banks have emerged as new players in the Indian banking sector, particularly in the
current era of digitalization. They serve as a broad platform enabling numerous customers to
carry out electronic transactions simultaneously, without the need to visit a physical branch.
These banks offer a wide range of products and services designed to attract and retain
customers, significantly transforming the traditional banking landscape. As the industry
progresses toward a cashless economy, physical currency is increasingly being replaced by
digital cash and electronic wallets.
This study explored the impact of service quality on customer satisfaction with Payment
Banks in Punjab. Three districts with the highest population density—Ludhiana, Jalandhar,
and Amritsar—were selected based on data from the 2011 Population Census. A total of 300
users of Payment Banks were randomly chosen for the study, with 100 respondents from
each district. The findings reveal a significant influence of payment banking services on
customer satisfaction in the region.
Keywords: [Payment Banks, Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, Punjab]

Paper Title:
GAINING STRATEGIC AND ECONOMIC ALIGNMENT THROUGH INTERNAL BUSINESS PROCESS MANAGEMENT – A COMPARATIVE STUDY IN FINANCIAL SECTOR
Author Name:
Meher Sekhon & Savita Nanda
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17359259
Page No.:
164-171
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GAINING STRATEGIC AND ECONOMIC ALIGNMENT THROUGH INTERNAL BUSINESS PROCESS MANAGEMENT – A COMPARATIVE STUDY IN FINANCIAL SECTOR
Author: Meher Sekhon & Savita Nanda

ABSTRACT:
The present study is limited to measuring employees‟ performance in banking sector.
Therefore, research relates to employees‟ perception towards their performance for internal
business processes with respect to dimensions of market orientation and steps followed for
functioning of internal processes. The study was undertaken with the purpose of finding out
the employees‟ perception regarding their performance for internal business processes by
using “Market orientation: MARKOR scale”. The research includes 15 officers from SBI and
ICICI bank each. The dimensions for measuring employees‟ performance were “Intelligence
generation”, “Intelligence dissemination”, “Responsiveness”, “Delivering services‟ and “Post
sale services”. The mean perception of ICICI bank‟s employees towards their performance
for all the dimensions i.e. “Intelligence generation‟, “Intelligence dissemination‟,
“Responsiveness”, “Delivering services” and “Post sale services‟ is more than SBI. The
analysis shows that employees‟ performance for internal business processes in ICICI bank is
better than SBI.
Keywords:
“Intelligence generation”, “Intelligence dissemination”, “Responsiveness”, “Delivering
services‟ and “Post sale services”. MARKOR Scale, Market orientation.

Paper Title:
THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL PAYMENT APPS ON CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR: A STUDY OF MALWA REGION OF PUNJAB
Author Name:
Deepika Jindal
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17431503
Page No.:
172-180
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THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL PAYMENT APPS ON CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR: A STUDY OF MALWA REGION OF PUNJAB
Author: Deepika Jindal

ABSTRACT
The rapid proliferation of digital payment applications has significantly altered consumer
behaviour across India, including in regional economies like the Malwa region of Punjab.
This study investigates how the adoption of digital payment apps such as Google Pay,
PhonePe, Paytm, and BHIM has influenced the purchasing patterns, payment preferences,
and financial attitudes of consumers in this region. Using a structured survey administered to
a diverse sample across urban and rural areas of Malwa, the research examines key factors
driving adoption, including convenience, perceived ease of use, trust, digital literacy, and
social influence. The study also explores barriers such as security concerns, lack of
infrastructure, and resistance to change, especially among older or rural populations. Findings
indicate a growing acceptance and reliance on digital payments, particularly among younger,
tech-savvy consumers. Digital payment apps have led to a decline in cash usage and
increased impulse purchases due to their ease and speed. However, the digital divide marked
by disparities in internet access and education continues to hinder widespread adoption. The
research offers practical insights for policymakers to enhance digital payment inclusion and
build trust in digital financial systems across the region.
Keywords: Digital Payment Apps, Consumer Behaviour, Malwa Region, Punjab, Financial
Technology, UPI, Mobile Wallets, Digital Literacy.

Paper Title:
INTEGRATING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE WITH ELECTRIC VEHICLE SYSTEMS FOR INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION AND SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY
Author Name:
Mehak Goyal, Vishal Vinayak & Yashmin Sofat
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17441770
Page No.:
181-197
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INTEGRATING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE WITH ELECTRIC VEHICLE SYSTEMS FOR INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION AND SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY
Author: Mehak Goyal, Vishal Vinayak & Yashmin Sofat

ABSTRACT
Electric vehicle (EV) adoption is accelerating, necessitating an intelligent support system for
sustainable urban travel. Building intelligent transportation systems (ITS), improving traffic
management, and improving EV performance all heavily rely on artificial intelligence (AI).
With 200 respondents, the Ludhiana district serves as the main data source for this study,
which investigates the incorporation of AI technology in EV systems. The study assesses user
experiences, obstacles encountered, adoption of AI features, and the general effect of AI on
environmentally friendly transportation. User satisfaction and AI accessibility (such smart
navigation, predictive maintenance, and battery range optimization) are significantly
correlated, according to statistical study that includes regression modeling and descriptive
statistics. The findings showed that about 70% of Ludhiana EV users cited the absence of AIdriven smart charging infrastructure, while 60% of them embraced AI-based smart
navigation, indicating great technology acceptance. Future market potential is shown by the
fact that more than 65% of respondents indicated interest in sophisticated AI services. AI
characteristics and user pleasure were shown to be strongly positively correlated, according
to regression results (R2 = 0.581). Real-time traffic predictions, however, were deemed
untrustworthy by 55% of users, indicating the necessity for the creation of localized AI
models. The paper concludes with recommendations for strategic AI integration to achieve
sustainable and intelligent urban mobility in Ludhiana district.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Electric Vehicles, Intelligent Transportation Systems,
Sustainable Mobility, Ludhiana, Smart Charging, Urban Transport

Paper Title:
ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE FOR CELERY CULTIVATION: YIELDS, COSTS, AND FARMER INCOMES
Author Name:
Advit Sethi
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17452410 Style APA
Page No.:
198-203
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ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE FOR CELERY CULTIVATION: YIELDS, COSTS, AND FARMER INCOMES
Author: Advit Sethi

ABSTRACT
Celery (Apium graveolens L.) is a cool-season seed spice grown mainly in Amritsar and
Jandiala for export purposes. This study looks at celery seed yields, production costs (labor,
fertilizer, irrigation), market prices, and climate trends in the region.. Average celery seed
yields in Punjab have been around 10–13 quintals (q) per hectare (ha) in past decades ; recent
surveys (2020–21) report about 14.1 q/ha . At farmgate prices (~₹8,350/q in 2020 ), gross
returns are ≈₹1.18 lakh/ha, against input costs of ~₹42,070/ha . Labor accounts for ~75% of
costs . Climate data reveal warming minimum temperatures and declining rainfall in Punjab
(e.g. annual rain falling ~10–11 mm/yr) . Since celery is heat-sensitive , these trends threaten
yields and farm incomes. Market analysis shows export prices are volatile (recently falling
from ~$2–6/kg in 2023 to $1.5–5.6/kg in 2024 ), and a few local exporters influence prices .
We find that climate variability and market concentration increase economic risk for celery
growers. Policy and practice measures – such as heat-tolerant varieties, improved irrigation,
cooperative marketing, and weather insurance – are recommended to enhance resilience.
Keywords: Celery farming Punjab; crop yields; climate impacts; farm economics; market
risks; irrigation; adaptation strategies

Paper Title:
MORE THAN MARKERS: THE ERGONOMICS OF BOARD GAME COMPONENTS
Author Name:
Gunreet Grover
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17452486
Page No.:
204-208
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MORE THAN MARKERS: THE ERGONOMICS OF BOARD GAME COMPONENTS
Author: Gunreet Grover

ABSTRACT
Board games represent an intersection of strategy, social interaction, and material design.
While rule systems and visual aesthetics have been widely studied, the tactile qualities of
game components remain relatively underexplored. This paper investigates why board game
pieces evoke a sense of satisfaction that extends beyond their functional role. It examines
how material properties, weight distribution, ergonomic form, and surface texture contribute
to the sensory and psychological experience of play. Drawing from literature in design
theory, ergonomics, and consumer psychology, as well as findings from a pilot user study, the
research argues that tactile interaction is a critical factor in immersion and player attachment.
By foregrounding the role of touch, this study situates board game pieces as significant
design artifacts and highlights how small material decisions can shape broader experiential
outcomes in both games and product design.
KEYWORDS: ergonomics; tactile design; materiality; board games; haptic interaction; user
experience; emotional design; product design; material culture; play experience

Paper Title:
PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF MAKHANA FARMING UNDER SMALLHOLDER CONDITIONS IN NORTH BIHAR
Author Name:
Rupesh Kumar Jha & Alok Pratap Singh
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17453780
Page No.:
209-217
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PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF MAKHANA FARMING UNDER SMALLHOLDER CONDITIONS IN NORTH BIHAR
Author: Rupesh Kumar Jha & Alok Pratap Singh

ABSTRACT:
Makhana (Euryale ferox), commonly known as fox nut, is a high-value aquatic crop
cultivated mainly in North Bihar’s floodplains. This study investigates the profitability of
Makhana farming under smallholder conditions, focusing on input costs, gross returns, labor
patterns, and market access. Data from 120 smallholder farmers in Darbhanga, Madhubani,
and Saharsa districts were collected through structured interviews, supported by secondary
data from NABARD, ICAR-RCER, and Bihar Agricultural Department reports. The results
show a gross return of ₹85,000/ha against a total cost of ₹45,000/ha, producing a net profit of
₹40,000/ha and a Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) of 1.89. Statistical analyses confirmed significant
differences in yields among districts through ANOVA (F = 75.97, p < 0.0001) and T-tests.
Constraints like intermediary-dominated marketing, post-harvest losses, and regional
disparities in yields hinder optimal profitability. Policy recommendations include improved
post-harvest infrastructure, collective marketing, digital platforms, and support for women in
the value chain. The findings offer economic insight for stakeholders aiming to improve rural
livelihoods via sustainable aquaculture.
Keywords: Makhana farming, profitability, smallholder agriculture, cost-benefit analysis,
North Bihar, ANOVA, rural economy

Paper Title:
AI-DRIVEN SERVICE INNOVATION IN THE CREATIVE ECONOMY: INSIGHTS FROM KUMBH 2025
Author Name:
Chetna Priyanshi Agarwal & Resham Chopra
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17492438
Page No.:
218-230
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AI-DRIVEN SERVICE INNOVATION IN THE CREATIVE ECONOMY: INSIGHTS FROM KUMBH 2025
Author: Chetna Priyanshi Agarwal & Resham Chopra

ABSTRACT
The paper explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into the management and
service innovations of the mass events, with a focus on Mahakumbh Mela 2025. Using
secondary data, the study analyses this intervention across SERVQUAL dimensions -
tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy and communication to assess their
influence on the service delivery and its operational efficiency. Further, the study examines
the role of government in managing Kumbh 2025 through a PESTLE framework, elaborating
the political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental implications of AI
adoption. By positioning Kumbh as both a cultural mass event and a driver of local creative
industry, this paper shows how AI-led interventions blend with traditional practices, to
contribute to digital infrastructure, inclusive growth and sustainable development. The
findings offer insights into how AI can redefine event management, ensuring a seamless
balance between cultural traditions and modern technological demands.
Keywords: Creative Industry, Service Innovation, SERVQUAL Kumbh 2025, Artificial
Intelligence (AI),.

Paper Title:
A MICRO-LEVEL ANALYSIS OF POVERTY IN THE SLUMS OF LUDHIANA
Author Name:
Rajneesh Behra
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17541250
Page No.:
231-236
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A MICRO-LEVEL ANALYSIS OF POVERTY IN THE SLUMS OF LUDHIANA
Author: Rajneesh Behra

ABSTRACT
Modernization and industrialization are two fundamental forces which bring rapid change in
urban societies. Urbanization does not merely refer to the concentration of population in the
cities, but it also results in complex and complicated problems associated with it. While
urbanization provide opportunities and new possibilities, there are problems posed by
urbanization are often formidable and more baffling than problems in rural areas. Urban
poverty is one such problem which is considered to be both a major cause and consequence
of urban problems.
Keywords: Urbanization, industralisation, migration, poverty, and slums

Paper Title:
EXPLORING THE UNSUNG ROLE: ASSESSING SATISFACTION AND CHALLENGES OF PATIENTS’ ATTENDANTS IN HOSPITALS
Author Name:
Deepinder Singh
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17645832
Page No.:
237-246
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EXPLORING THE UNSUNG ROLE: ASSESSING SATISFACTION AND CHALLENGES OF PATIENTS’ ATTENDANTS IN HOSPITALS
Author: Deepinder Singh

ABSTRACT
This research paper aims to comprehensively assess the satisfaction level of patients’ attendants
in relation to the various challenges they encounter within hospital environments. Patients’
attendants play a crucial yet often overlooked role in healthcare delivery, providing emotional,
logistical, and moral support to patients throughout their treatment journey. The study explores
both government and private hospitals to capture the diversity of experiences and expectations
across healthcare settings. Using a mixed-method approach that integrates secondary data from
scholarly journals and healthcare reports with a simulated primary survey of 100 respondents, the
research evaluates multiple dimensions of satisfaction, including cleanliness, staff behavior,
communication, amenities, and waiting time. The findings reveal notable differences between
government and private hospitals, with private institutions generally offering higher satisfaction
levels due to better infrastructure, efficient communication, and enhanced comfort facilities.
However, attendants in both types of hospitals reported emotional fatigue, financial strain, and a
lack of dedicated rest or information areas as persistent concerns. The study also establishes a
positive correlation between hospital service quality and attendant satisfaction. Based on these
insights, the paper proposes practical recommendations to strengthen hospital management
policies, improve communication protocols, and create attendant-friendly environments. Overall,
the research emphasizes the importance of recognizing attendants as integral stakeholders in the
patient care ecosystem.
Keywords: Challenges of Patients, hospital environments, staff behavior etc.

Paper Title:
THE FUTURE OF ETHICAL INVESTING: TRENDS AND INNOVATIONS
Author Name:
Renuka Balesh Kolennavr & Sayd Rajeena
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17670423
Page No.:
247-252
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THE FUTURE OF ETHICAL INVESTING: TRENDS AND INNOVATIONS
Author: Renuka Balesh Kolennavr & Sayd Rajeena

ABSTRACT
Ethical investing has emerged as a pivotal force in today's financial landscape, intertwining
the principles of environmental sustainability, social responsibility, and robust governance
(ESG) into investment strategies. This paper delves into the dynamic realm of ethical
investing, shedding light on prominent trends, groundbreaking technological innovations, and
evolving regulatory frameworks that shape the sector. It meticulously examines the intricate
interplay between ESG factors and financial performance, revealing their profound
implications for investor behavior and corporate accountability. Moreover, the study
highlights the revolutionary influences of artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain
technologies, which are playing vital roles in enhancing transparency and tackling the
pervasive issue of greenwashing. A critical evaluation of this investigation unveils significant
challenges, such as the lack of universally accepted ESG metrics, regulatory discrepancies
across diverse jurisdictions, and the daunting perception of trade-offs between securing
financial returns and adhering to ethical principles. The findings underscore the urgent need
for a collaborative ethos among investors, regulators, and financial institutions to forge a
credible framework for ethical investing. In conclusion, the paper presents a thoughtfully
crafted set of recommendations designed to elevate the quality of ESG data, stimulate
financial innovation, and align regulatory structures with sustainability goals. This, in turn,
aims to ensure the creation of lasting value that resonates with both investors and society at
large, fostering a future where ethical investments contribute to sustainable development.
Keywords: Ethical investing, corporate accountability, revolutionary influences, artificial
intelligence, greenwashing,

Paper Title:
LIVING CONDITIONS IN LUDHIANA SLUMS: A SOCIOECONOMIC STUDY
Author Name:
Rajneesh Behra
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17709169
Page No.:
253-258
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LIVING CONDITIONS IN LUDHIANA SLUMS: A SOCIOECONOMIC STUDY
Author: Rajneesh Behra

ABSTRACT
This study examines poverty using the revised poverty line proposed by the C. Rangarajan
led Expert Group of the Planning Commission, which recommends thresholds of Rs. 32 for
rural areas and Rs. 47 for urban areas. Individuals or households falling below these limits
are classified as poor, while others are categorized as non-poor. The research compares sociodemographic characteristics across these groups, with particular attention to slum dwellers,
who typically face low educational attainment, limited access to formal employment, and
unstable incomes. These factors contribute to persistent unemployment or underemployment,
reinforcing the cycle of poverty and shaping disparities in living standards of slum dwellers.
Keywords: Slum Dwellers, Education, Employment, Income, and Poverty.

Paper Title:
IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON ONLINE PURCHASE INTENTION AND RISK PERCEPTION AMONG CONSUMERS IN UTTAR PRADESH
Author Name:
Khushboo Zaidi & Neeraj Shukla
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17788067
Page No.:
259-268
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IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON ONLINE PURCHASE INTENTION AND RISK PERCEPTION AMONG CONSUMERS IN UTTAR PRADESH
Author: Khushboo Zaidi & Neeraj Shukla

ABSTRACT
The consumer behavior change due to COVID-19 was huge, as the pandemic made people
switching to online shopping very quickly while at the same time increasing the perception of
risk. In this research, we are going to see how much COVID-19 affected online purchase
intention and risk perception among the people of Uttar Pradesh, both urban and rural. A
descriptive and analytical research design was applied, and data from 400 to 600 respondents
were collected through a structuring questionnaire which was further augmented by
secondary data sources. One of the most important discoveries might be that the low-risk
perception is accompanying the higher purchase intention while the increased concerns
closing the door for consumers to shop online because of fear of online fraud, delivery
delays, and product quality issues. The study also indicates the variations in digital skills and
payment options between the regions. The results would be very useful not only for the ecommerce businesses but also for the policymakers and the consumers suggesting to them
how they can build up their trust, improve security, and propagate online shopping habits that
are backed by the knowledge which in turn will make the digital marketplace in Uttar
Pradesh more resilient and growing.
Keywords: COVID-19, Online Purchase Intention, Risk Perception, Consumer Behaviour,
Uttar Pradesh, E-commerce Adoption, Digital Shopping

Paper Title:
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AND ENTREPRENEURIAL ADVANCEMENT IN FAMILY BUSINESSES: EVIDENCE FROM JALANDHAR DISTRICT
Author Name:
Yuvika Midha
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17947457
Page No.:
269-277
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DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AND ENTREPRENEURIAL ADVANCEMENT IN FAMILY BUSINESSES: EVIDENCE FROM JALANDHAR DISTRICT
Author: Yuvika Midha

ABSTRACT
India's economy significantly benefits from family firms, especially in rural and semi-urban
regions, where they generate employment and foster the development of local industries.
Although cultural traditions are essential to the economy, numerous family enterprises are
apprehensive about change, lack financial resources, or decline to comply with them. This
chapter analyzes the effects of digital transformation on the growth of small family
enterprises in the Jalandhar region of Punjab. This study employed survey-based quantitative
methods to examine the extent of digital adoption, its relationship with entrepreneurial
performance, and the constraints encountered by family enterprises. The findings indicate a
robust positive correlation between digital transformation and corporate performance.
Nevertheless, challenges such as budgetary limitations and insufficient understanding of
digital technologies impede progress. The chapter offers targeted recommendations,
supported by empirical data from a specific Indian context, for legislators and entrepreneurs
to foster equitable digital adoption and sustainable entrepreneurial development.
Keywords: Digital Transformation, Family Business, Entrepreneurial Growth, Digital
Adoption

Paper Title:
VIKSIT BHARAT @2047 : A STUDY OF SELF- RELIANCE OF WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
Author Name:
Preeti Naik & Rachna Naik
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17975195
Page No.:
278-283
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VIKSIT BHARAT @2047 : A STUDY OF SELF- RELIANCE OF WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
Author: Preeti Naik & Rachna Naik

ABSTRACT –
As India is going to celebrate its 100th anniversary of independence in 2047, the vision of a "Viksit Bharat" becomes increasingly important to national discourse. This research paper explores the importance of women‟s empowerment in achieving this goal. Despite continuous progress, deep-rooted gender discrimination exists, particularly in areas such as education, health and workplace participation. The four pillars of Viksit Bharat are Garib (Poor), Yuva (Youth), Annadata (Farmers) and Nari (Women), which represent the GYAN framework. Among these pillars, the empowerment of women stands as a major factor in realizing this ambitious national vision. Addressing existing challenges requires strategies that emphasise education, healthcare access, financial independence and policy
updates for sustaining gender equality.

Keywords : Viksit Bharat, Women, Women Empowerment.

Paper Title:
AN ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL DISPARITIES IN KARNATAKA’S ECONOMIC GROWTH
Author Name:
Gangadhara R.
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18046770
Page No.:
284-288
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AN ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL DISPARITIES IN KARNATAKA’S ECONOMIC GROWTH
Author: Gangadhara R.

ABSTRACT
Karnataka, one of India’s most progressive and industrially advanced states, exhibits a paradox of rapid economic growth alongside persistent regional disparities. While the southern districts, led by Bengaluru, have achieved remarkable development through industrialisation, services, and infrastructure expansion, the northern and some central districts remain relatively underdeveloped. This paper analyses the nature, causes, and policy
implications of regional disparities in Karnataka’s economic growth. Using theoretical perspectives and secondary evidence from government sources such as the Karnataka Economic Survey 2023-24, Human Development Reports, and Planning Department data, the study finds that structural, historical, and policy-induced factors continue to shape the uneven
pattern of development. The analysis highlights disparities in per capita income, industrial concentration, infrastructure, and human capital formation. The paper concludes with policy
suggestions for achieving balanced regional growth through decentralised planning, investment in social sectors, and region-specific industrial promotion.

Keywords: Karnataka, regional disparities, economic growth, inequality, development policy, balanced growth.

Paper Title:
CONSTRAINTS ON CAMPUS ENTREPRENEURSHIP: IDENTIFYING BARRIERS TO STUDENT START-UPS IN PUNJAB
Author Name:
Kiranjeet Kaur & Navdeep Kaur
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18068354
Page No.:
289-297
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CONSTRAINTS ON CAMPUS ENTREPRENEURSHIP: IDENTIFYING BARRIERS TO STUDENT START-UPS IN PUNJAB
Author: Kiranjeet Kaur & Navdeep Kaur

ABSTRACT
Background: Entrepreneurship has emerged as a vital driver of innovation, employment generation, and regional economic development, with universities increasingly expected to act as catalysts for nurturing student start-ups. Despite growing institutional initiatives in Punjab, many students continue to encounter constraints that limit their participation in entrepreneurial activities, indicating a gap between policy intent and on-ground realities.

Aim/Objectives: The study aims to identify and analyze the key barriers preventing students from pursuing entrepreneurship and launching start-ups in Punjab, with a specific focus on financial, institutional, psychological, and socio-cultural constraints operating within campus environments.

Methodology: A quantitative, cross-sectional research design was adopted. Primary data were collected from 385 students across selected universities in Punjab using a structured and validated questionnaire. The responses were measured on a five-point Likert scale and analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis with the help of SPSS.

Results: The findings reveal that lack of financial resources, fear of failure, academic pressure, bureaucratic institutional procedures, and family or societal expectations are the most significant barriers to student entrepreneurship. The analysis further shows a strong and statistically significant negative relationship between perceived barriers and students’
entrepreneurial intentions.

Conclusion: The study concludes that addressing barriers to campus entrepreneurship requires more than infrastructural support; it necessitates targeted financial assistance, administrative flexibility, mentorship, and socio-cultural sensitization. Reducing these constraints is essential for enabling universities in Punjab to create a more supportive environment for student start-ups and to strengthen the regional entrepreneurial ecosystem.

Keywords: Campus entrepreneurship; Student start-ups; Entrepreneurial barriers; Higher education; Punjab

Paper Title:
STRATEGIC INTEGRATION OF MARKETING AND LOGISTICS FOR GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAIN COMPETITIVENESS
Author Name:
Muskan Manchanda & Rimpy Chhabra
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18115145
Page No.:
298-301
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STRATEGIC INTEGRATION OF MARKETING AND LOGISTICS FOR GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAIN COMPETITIVENESS
Author: Muskan Manchanda & Rimpy Chhabra

ABSTRACT
In an increasingly globalized and competitive business environment, organizations are compelled to optimize their supply chain operations to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. Two critical yet often separately managed functions within firms are marketing and logistics. Marketing focuses on understanding customer needs and creating value, while
logistics ensures the efficient movement and availability of products. This research paper examines the strategic integration of marketing and logistics and its role in enhancing global supply chain competitiveness. Through an analysis of existing literature, conceptual frameworks, and real-world practices, the study highlights how coordinated decision-making
between marketing and logistics improves customer satisfaction, reduces costs, enhances responsiveness, and strengthens global market positioning. The paper concludes that firms that successfully integrate these functions are better equipped to respond to market volatility, manage global complexity, and achieve long-term competitiveness.

Keywords: Marketing, Logistics, Supply Chain Management, Global Competitiveness, Strategic Integration

Paper Title:
JIT VS. JUST-IN-CASE (JIC): POST-PANDEMIC SUPPLY CHAIN SHIFTS
Author Name:
Khushboo Singh
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18130601
Page No.:
302-312
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JIT VS. JUST-IN-CASE (JIC): POST-PANDEMIC SUPPLY CHAIN SHIFTS
Author: Khushboo Singh

ABSTRACT
COVID-19 has exposed the several weaknesses in the global supply chain systems especially those organizations that rely solely on Just-in-time (JIT) model. The primary focus of JIT is to reduce cost, minimize inventory and also depend upon operational efficiency which turns out to be the effective way in every changing business environment. But due to pandemic lockdowns, transport disruptions and shortages in semiconductor highlighted the limitations of JIT. To tackle these unexpected disruptions companies have started adopting Just-in-case (JIC) strategy in their operations in which the focus is mainly on to maintain the buffer stock and sourcing with multiple suppliers and to mitigate the risk as well. In this paper JIT and JIC is being presented using comparative analysis. The study is based on secondary data in which research papers, industry reports and corporate case studies especially of automotive and electronic sectors are analysed. Findings suggested that the companies have started adopting hybrid supply chain models wherein the cost efficiency of JIT and the resilience of JIC is balanced. Also, Industry 4.0 technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), IoT and
predictive analysis are making supply chain decision making more adaptive. Paper conlcudes that In the era of post COVID - the focus is not only supply chain strategies but also on the resilience, flexibility and long-term sustainability

Keyword: Just-in-time (JIT), Just-in-case (JIC), Supply chain resilience, hybrid supply chain model, Industry 4.0, risk management.

Paper Title:
AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS ON THE IMPORTANCE OF NETWORK LEARNING, INTERNSHIPS, AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP TRAINING PROGRAM IN IN UTTAR PRADESH
Author Name:
Vivek Kumar & Arun Kant Gautam
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18193983
Page No.:
313-322
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AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS ON THE IMPORTANCE OF NETWORK LEARNING, INTERNSHIPS, AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP TRAINING PROGRAM IN IN UTTAR PRADESH
Author: Vivek Kumar & Arun Kant Gautam

ABSTRACT
This research aims to determine whether entrepreneurial potential is a mediating factor in the relationship between networking learning, internships, entrepreneurship training, and startup performance. This study employed a quantitative study design. This study had 230 graduate and postgraduate students who were aspiring young entrepreneurs. Purposeful sampling was
the sample technique used. The data in this study were analysed using SMARTPLS software and the Partial Least Square (PLS) method. Through the development of a portion of their entrepreneurial talents, networking, entrepreneurship training, and internships all have a big positive impact on startup performance. The field of entrepreneurship in start-up enterprises
is enhanced by this study. In order to motivate aspiring business owners, it also provides insight into the entrepreneurial spirit of the millennial age. :Prospective scholars and youthful entrepreneurs must comprehend the factors that impact startup achievement to formulate regulations that are grounded in the present circumstances necessary for the establishment of
a high-calibre business.. According to the research, the questionnaire in this study was closed, allowing each respondent to only answer questions that met the predetermined criteria. Every respondent might be able to complete the questionnaire without considering the actual situation. Moreover, the study's replies were limited solely by the quantity of participants who fulfilled the sample prerequisites. Only the independent and mediating factors were
examined in this study. We did not look into any other elements that might have an impact on starting performance.

Keywords: Entrepreneurship Skills, Training, Internships, Network-Based Learning, and Startup Performance

Paper Title:
LEADERSHIP LESSONS FROM ANCIENT INDIAN EPICS: RAMAYANA, MAHABHARATA,
Author Name:
Aasma Diwan
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18204366
Page No.:
323-327
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LEADERSHIP LESSONS FROM ANCIENT INDIAN EPICS: RAMAYANA, MAHABHARATA,
Author: Aasma Diwan

1.ABSTRACT
Leadership has always been at the heart of human progress, shaping societies, cultures, and civilizations. Ancient Indian epics and treatises such as the Mahabharata, Ramayana, Arthashastra, and the story of Colin offer timeless insights into the nature of leadership, ethics, decision-making, and governance. These texts do not merely narrate historical or mythological events; they serve as living repositories of wisdom that continue to resonate with the challenges of modern leadership. This study explores leadership lessons embedded within these classics—examining the moral dilemmas of the Mahabharata, the dharmic model of responsibility in the Ramayana, the strategic and administrative acumen of Kautilya’s Arthashastra, and the narrative of Colin as a reflection of courage and resilience. By humanizing these lessons, the research highlights their relevance in today’s dynamic sociopolitical and organizational contexts, where leaders grapple with ethical choices, crisis management, team building, and long-term vision.Through an interpretive analysis, the paper draws parallels between ancient leadership archetypes and contemporary leadership theories, demonstrating that the core values of empathy, accountability, adaptability, and strategic foresight remain universal. The findings argue that these indigenous knowledge traditions are not relics of the past but dynamic frameworks that can enrich leadership models across domains—whether in governance, business, or community life.Ultimately, the paper positions the Indian Knowledge Systems as vital to rethinking leadership in the 21st century, urging us to revisit our roots to craft more holistic, ethical, and sustainable approaches to
leading in a complex world.

Paper Title:
GENDER BUDGETING- A TOOL FOR ACHIEVING EQUALITY
Author Name:
Lakshmi S S
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18205400
Page No.:
328-337
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GENDER BUDGETING- A TOOL FOR ACHIEVING EQUALITY
Author: Lakshmi S S

ABSTRACT:
Today, the entire world is thinking about sustainable and inclusive development which is based on human development. Gender equality is the heart of the human development. Women are constituted nearly 50% of the global population and without gender equality human development and sustainable development become myth. There are many efforts at
the global and national levels to address gender inequality problem which is prevailing in all fields. Gender budgeting is one of such efforts to combat gender inequality and it has become
a powerful tool to achieve women empowerment which is the crux of any development. In this context, this paper attempts to study various issues in gender budgeting from Indian context. It focuses on gender budgeting in India for the period 2005-06 to 2022-23.

Key words: Gender budgeting, gender equality, women development schemes

Paper Title:
MEASURING HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND INTRA-DISTRICT INEQUALITIES IN MANDYA DISTRICT, KARNATAKA: EVIDENCE FROM A MULTIDIMENSIONAL HDI FRAMEWORK
Author Name:
Milana.R & R.H.Pavithra
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18219853
Page No.:
338-350
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MEASURING HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND INTRA-DISTRICT INEQUALITIES IN MANDYA DISTRICT, KARNATAKA: EVIDENCE FROM A MULTIDIMENSIONAL HDI FRAMEWORK
Author: Milana.R & R.H.Pavithra

ABSTRACT
Human development is increasingly recognised as a multidimensional process encompassing health, education, and standard of living rather than mere economic growth. While state- and national-level Human Development Index (HDI) estimates provide useful benchmarks, they often mask significant disparities at sub-district levels. This study examines the dimensions
and intra-district disparities in human development in Mandya district of Karnataka using a multidimensional HDI framework. Drawing upon secondary indicators and household-level evidence, the study constructs composite and dimension-specific indices and analyses disparities across taluks, rural–urban locations, gender, and social groups. The findings reveal pronounced spatial and social inequalities within the district, with taluk-level variation
indicating uneven access to health, educational attainment, and income-generating opportunities. The results underscore that aggregate development performance conceals pockets of deprivation, necessitating decentralised and targeted policy interventions. The study contributes to the human development literature by demonstrating the relevance of micro-level HDI analysis for district planning and inclusive development strategies.

Keywords: Human Development Index, intra-district inequality, taluk disparities, rural– urban divide, Mandya district, Karnataka

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