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National Research Journal of Business Economics is a peer-reviewed and refereed academic scholarly research journal (ISSN: 2349-2015) dedicated to advancing research and discourse in the fields of Business Management and Business Economics & other related areas of management. The journal upholds rigorous academic standards, ensuring the publication of high-quality research contributions.

National Research Journal of Business Economics (NRJBE) is a peer reviewed refereed academic journal, publishing research articles in the field of Business Administration, Economics, and Related fields. The aim of NRJBE is to provide an intellectual platform for Business Economics related social-scientific studies, a platform in which research in alternative paradigms for Business and Economic inquiry could be presented and debated. NRJBE also aims to promote interdisciplinary studies over the issues of theoretical, practical, and historical importance in dealing with problems in Business and Economics and become the leading Business and Economics journal in India . NRJBE welcomes not only Indian authors, but also authors from all over the world. NRJBE will promote the cooperation and communication among the academics and practitioners interested in Indian Business and Economics. All published research articles in this journal have undergone rigorous peer review, based on initial editor screening and anonymous refereeing by independent expert referees.

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Current Issue

Year: 2025   Volume-12, Issue-1 (January-June)

Paper Title IMPACT AND PROBLEMS OF E-COMMERCE
Author Name Harpreet Kaur
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15387708
Page No. 1-11

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
IMPACT AND PROBLEMS OF E-COMMERCE
Author: Harpreet Kaur

E-Commerce is the activity of buying or selling of products on online services or over the Internet. Electronic commerce draws on technologies such as mobile commerce, electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems. Modern electronic commerce typically uses the World Wide Web for at least one part of the transaction's life cycle although it may also use other technologies such as e-mail. Typical E- Commerce transactions include the purchase of online books (such as Amazon) and music purchases (music download in the form of digital distribution such as iTunes Store), and to a less extent, customized/personalized online liquor store inventory services. There are three areas of E- Commerce: online retailing, electric markets, and online auctions. E-Commerce is supported by electronic business.
Key Words: Business, Commerce, Electronic, Internet, Regulations.

Paper Title THE ROLE OF MIGRANT WORKERS IN THE GIG ECONOMY: OPPORTUNITIES TO MIGRANT WORKERS AND RISKS TO THE HOST STATE, ESPECIALLY IN KERALA
Author Name SIGI C.R, Arshdeep Singh, Kuldip Singh
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15387764
Page No. 12-19

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THE ROLE OF MIGRANT WORKERS IN THE GIG ECONOMY: OPPORTUNITIES TO MIGRANT WORKERS AND RISKS TO THE HOST STATE, ESPECIALLY IN KERALA
Author: SIGI C.R, Arshdeep Singh, Kuldip Singh

Environmental migrants are individuals who, due to sudden or progressive environmental changes that adversely affect their lives or living conditions, are compelled to leave their habitual homes, either temporarily or permanently, and relocate either within their country or abroad”, according to the International Organization for Migration. The gig economy has become a transformative force in the global labour market, offering on-demand, flexible, and temporary jobs through digital platforms. The study aims to examine the role of migrant workers in the gig economy by exploring both the opportunities it presents and the risks it poses. The expansion of the gig economy in Kerala has opened up new avenues for economic inclusion, particularly for migrant workers who find flexible and immediate employment through digital platforms.
Keywords: [Migrant Workers, Gig Economy, Legal Framework, Opportunities, Risks]

Paper Title EVOLUTION AND REFORMS OF INDIAN TAXATION SYSTEM: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH FOCUS ON 2024-25 BUDGET
Author Name Simranjeet Kaur, Tavneet K Reen, Shalini Gupta
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15387798
Page No. 20-22

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
EVOLUTION AND REFORMS OF INDIAN TAXATION SYSTEM: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH FOCUS ON 2024-25 BUDGET
Author: Simranjeet Kaur, Tavneet K Reen, Shalini Gupta

Every country's tax structure significantly impacts its economy. Taxes are the backbone of national development, as they generate revenue used for infrastructure, education, defense, law enforcement, and more. In India, the taxation system is designed not only to collect revenue but also to ensure economic stability, equity, and national growth. Over the past 10–15 years, India's taxation system has undergone significant reforms. However, challenges remain, including complex procedures, reliance on indirect taxes, and the parallel economy. This study examines the evolution and current structure of the Indian taxation system, focusing on recent reforms relevant to the financial year 2024–25.
Keywords: [Taxation, Economic Development, Tax Structure, Income Tax Reforms, Union Budget]

Paper Title SMART FARMING AND SUSTAINABILITY: HOW IOT AND MACHINE LEARNING ARE SHAPING SUSTAINABLE FARMING
Author Name Gurjit Kaur, Prabhjeet Kaur, Dharinder Tayal
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15387834
Page No. 23-27

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
SMART FARMING AND SUSTAINABILITY: HOW IOT AND MACHINE LEARNING ARE SHAPING SUSTAINABLE FARMING
Author: Gurjit Kaur, Prabhjeet Kaur, Dharinder Tayal

This paper dives into how IoT devices and machine learning are making waves in sustainable farming. Together, these technologies, known as "smart farming," are offering fresh solutions to today’s farming challenges while cutting down on our environmental footprint. By blending numbers and real-life examples, we’ll show how smart farming can really shake up traditional agriculture. Our findings reveal that smart farming can help cut water usage by about 20-30%, reduce fertilizer use by 15-25% and decrease pesticide application by 30-40%, all while keeping or even boosting crop yields. But it’s not all smooth sailing—things like high startup costs, needing tech know-how, and lack of infrastructure, especially for smaller farms, can make it tough for everyone to jump on board. This research aims to clarify both the potential and the obstacles of accepting smart farming practices across different agricultural settings.
Keywords: [Smart Farming, IoT, Machine Learning, Sustainable Agriculture]

Paper Title गन्ने की फसल के उत्पादन में जैविक कृषि की भूमिका
Author Name Rohit Singh
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15553280
Page No. 28-38

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
गन्ने की फसल के उत्पादन में जैविक कृषि की भूमिका
Author: Rohit Singh

गन्ना भारत में चीनी का मुख्य स्रोत है और नकदी फसल के रूप में एक प्रमुख स्थान रखता है। भारत दुनिया का सबसे बड़ा उपभोक्ता और चीनी का दूसरा सबसे बड़ा उत्पादक है, गन्ना भारत की महत्वपूर्ण व्यावसायिक फसलों में से एक है, जिसका वार्षिक उत्पादन 170 मिलियन टन के साथ 3-93 मिलियन हेक्टेयर है। भारत में गन्ने की उत्पादकता लगभग 67 टन प्रति हेक्टेयर है। यह देश में उगाई जाने वाली सबसे महत्वपूर्ण खाद्य-सह-नकदी फसल में से एक है, जैविक गन्ना खेती और अकार्बनिक गन्ना खेती के अर्थशास्त्र की जांच की गई है और ओएसएफ का मूल्यांकन महत्वपूर्ण स्थिरता संकेतकों जैसे मिट्टी, पानी, बिजली और किसानों की आर्थिक भलाई और आजीविका सुरक्षा के संरक्षण के संबंध में किया गया है इस फसल को उच्च तापमान और उच्च वर्षा की आवश्यकता होती है। कम वर्षा वाले क्षेत्रों में इस फसल की खेती सिंचाई की सहायता से की जाती है। इस फसल के लिए काली मिट्टी या जलोढ़ मिट्टी सबसे अच्छी होती है। गन्ने को बड़ी मात्रा में पानी की आवश्यकता होती है। इसलिए गहरी मिट्टी धारण करना आवश्यक है। चूंकि यह फसल मिट्टी से पोषक तत्वों को अवशोषित करती है, इसलिए कम्पोस्ट खाद और रासायनिक उर्वरकों का उपयोग किया जाता है।
खोज शब्द: गन्ना, फसल, जैविक कृषि, रासायनिक, अकार्बनिक गन्ना खेती, आर्थिक भलाई और आजीविका सुरक्षा, अनुसंधान अवसंरचना, कम्पोस्ट खाद और हरी खाद।

Paper Title REVOLUTIONISING HEALTH COMMUNICATION THROUGH DIGITAL MEDIA AND CHANGING DYNAMICS OF INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Author Name Upali Mitra, Mahendra Kumar Padhy
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15575795
Page No. 39-50

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
REVOLUTIONISING HEALTH COMMUNICATION THROUGH DIGITAL MEDIA AND CHANGING DYNAMICS OF INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Author: Upali Mitra, Mahendra Kumar Padhy

The evolutionary rise of digital media has transformed the landscape of interpersonal communication in every sector whether it is agriculture, health care, development, disaster management, or even maintenance of social bonds within and outside the society, presenting both opportunities and challenges. This study particularly explores the changing dynamics of interpersonal communication in health communication, with the intervention of digital media.
This research analyzes how social media platforms such as Instagram, WhatsApp, X (formerly Twitter), YouTube, Reddit, etc., other online platforms, and mobile health applications such as Sanjeevani, Ayushman Bharat, etc., have redefined the way healthcare professionals, patients, and caregivers interact. The findings reveal a shift from traditional, paternalistic models to more collaborative, patient-centered approaches.
Digital media has enabled patients to assume a more active role in their healthcare, accessing information, and connecting with others who share similar experiences. Healthcare professionals, in turn, must adapt to these changes, embracing digital media as a tool for education, support, and empowerment.
However, concerns arise regarding privacy, misinformation, and the digital divide. This study highlights the need for a balanced approach, harnessing the potential of digital media while addressing its limitations.
The researcher has analyzed the already existing data and trends which has been conducted through secondary data collection and expert interviews of medical professionals and beneficiaries. The research concludes that the effective integration of digital media in health communication requires a multidisciplinary effort, emphasizing media literacy, critical thinking, and empathy. By embracing these changes, this can foster more inclusive, patient-centric, and empowering health communication strategies.
Keywords - Interpersonal communication, Intercultural communication, Digital Media, Healthcare, Health Communication, Public Health

Paper Title PERCEIVED RELATIVE ADVANTAGE OF E-LEARNING ADOPTION AMONG MANAGEMENT FACULTY MEMBERS IN KERALA
Author Name Jithuram CM, Benjamin E, Afsal KM
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15608445
Page No. 51-60

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
PERCEIVED RELATIVE ADVANTAGE OF E-LEARNING ADOPTION AMONG MANAGEMENT FACULTY MEMBERS IN KERALA
Author: Jithuram CM, Benjamin E, Afsal KM

This research investigates the perceived relative advantage experienced by management faculties in Kerala State upon the adoption of e-learning resources. The study aims to assess the extent to which e-learning adoption contributes to perceived advantages within the area of management education. Employing a comprehensive methodology, including surveys and interviews, the research explores faculty perspectives on the effectiveness, efficiency, and overall benefits associated with integrating e-learning into their teaching methodologies. By investigating into the unique context of Kerala State, this study seeks to provide valuable insights into the impact of e-learning adoption on management education, shedding light on potential improvements and opportunities for further development in the educational landscape.
Keywords: E-learning adoption, Perceived relative advantage, Technology integration

Paper Title THE IMPACT OF HEALTH INDICATORS ON WELL-BEING-A STUDY OF PUNJAB
Author Name Gunjan Malhotra
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15662361
Page No. 61-66

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
THE IMPACT OF HEALTH INDICATORS ON WELL-BEING-A STUDY OF PUNJAB
Author: Gunjan Malhotra

It is a common belief that people's happiness levels drop when they suffer from a significant illness or are in pain. Studies consistently show a strong relationship between well-being and physical and psychological health. Considering the literature, health indicator was studied along with its impact on happiness. Self-reported health was taken as an indicator in the questionnaire. A sample size of a total of 1205 individuals was selected according to the size of the population of the selected districts. An average sample of 200 individuals was taken from each of the 6 districts. Respondents were questioned about their happiness with existing health conditions. Besides, respondents were also enquired about their suffering from any disease, having health insurance, getting any remittances of medical spending, involvement in drugs, and attempting suicide. To study the impact of good health on happiness Tobit model was used. The results show that both physical and mental health plays a role in depicting happiness. People who are satisfied with their health conditions have higher happiness levels. It was also found that respondents who get monetary support through remittances or insurance are happier than those who have to bear the medical expenditure on their own. So, compensatory medical benefits can help in improving overall well-being of people.
Keywords: Health, Health remittances, Happiness, well-being.

Paper Title ORGANIC FARMING IN INDIA: PROGRESS, CHALLENGES, AND ROLE OF THE PUBLIC POLICY
Author Name Lakhveer Singh, Navkiranjit Kaur Dhaliwal
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15694900
Page No. 67-79

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
ORGANIC FARMING IN INDIA: PROGRESS, CHALLENGES, AND ROLE OF THE PUBLIC POLICY
Author: Lakhveer Singh, Navkiranjit Kaur Dhaliwal

Organic farming in India has gained increasing attention due to rising concerns over health, environmental sustainability, and the negative impacts of chemical-based agriculture. The research aims to track the growth of organic farming over the years in different parts of India and the constraints farmers face in adopting organic farming despite the state's promotional relief. The study is based on secondary data collected through various journals, official sites, and government annual reports. Supported by government schemes like PKVY and NPOP, it offers benefits such as improved soil health, lower input costs, premium market prices, and employment opportunities. The area covered by organic certification is growing gradually in spite of obstacles like limited awareness, marketing problems, and certification fees. Leading this expansion are states like Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra, which show a slow transition to sustainable agricultural methods.
Keywords: Organic farming, Sustainable Agriculture, Government schemes, Area Under Organic Agriculture

Paper Title PUNJAB ECONOMY AND DIVERSIFICATION OF AGRICULTURE
Author Name Rajwinder Kaur
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15718247
Page No. 80-85

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
PUNJAB ECONOMY AND DIVERSIFICATION OF AGRICULTURE
Author: Rajwinder Kaur

The Punjab State has played a crucial role in ensuring food security in India, particularly after the Green Revolution of the 1960s. However, Punjab's economy, which heavily depends on agriculture, faces multiple challenges, including overdependence on wheat and rice cultivation, declining soil fertility, depleting groundwater and stagnant farmer incomes. To address these issues, diversification of agriculture has emerged as a key strategy to sustain the state's economic growth and environmental sustainability. This paper explores Punjab's economic structure, the significance of agriculture, the challenges associated with the current agricultural model and the potential benefits of agricultural diversification. It also examines policies, government initiatives and potential alternatives to traditional farming that can lead to a more sustainable and resilient economy.
Keywords: Agriculture, Economy, Diversification, Resources.

Paper Title IMPACT OF AI ON LABOR MARKETS: INTENSIFYING OR MITIGATING UNEMPLOYMENT
Author Name Sukhpreet Kaur
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15727159
Page No. 86-97

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
IMPACT OF AI ON LABOR MARKETS: INTENSIFYING OR MITIGATING UNEMPLOYMENT
Author: Sukhpreet Kaur

Technology has transitioned societies from Agri-based to mechanized-productions; emphasis of technology from being just a tool to an intelligent partner, collaboration, personalization along human capabilities. This transformative potential has led to augmentation, transformation and potential replacement of various manual tasks where humans had reached saturation of physical capacity. As technology advances further, traditional jobs are exposed to risk of being automated, causing unemployment for certain segments of the workforce. This transformation raises the concern for obsolescence of traditional workforce due to AI-driven efficient productivity. This study aims to examine the studies on AI‘s evolution and its potential effects on the labour market. Contributing to the existing literature, this study provides a balanced perspective on AI-driven job creation and job displacement by synthesising findings from multiple sources. This study will provide valuable insights for business executives, governments, policy makers, and researchers for future directions to design strategic and adaptive mechanisms. This study is based on systematic review of scholarly articles, official reports from global institutions such as the OECD, IMF, and World Bank. To comprehend the literature, content analysis methodology was employed, requiring a detailed study of all selected articles. The conclusion between whether AI usage is human-augmenting or human-substituting is still uncertain, where AI is putting even knowledge-intensive occupations at risk of automation. Research work is still divided into groups proposing contradicting impacts.
Keywords: AI, Labor market, unemployment, structural transformation, skills gap.

Paper Title PRACTICES OF CSR IN FERTILIZER INDUSTRIES: STUDY ON ATTEMPTS OF DCM SHRIRAM FERTILIZER
Author Name Sandeep Singh Tomar, Lal Chand Punjabi
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15760928
Page No. 98-101

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
PRACTICES OF CSR IN FERTILIZER INDUSTRIES: STUDY ON ATTEMPTS OF DCM SHRIRAM FERTILIZER
Author: Sandeep Singh Tomar, Lal Chand Punjabi

At present, CSR is thought to be one of the most difficult study subjects. Today, CSR is a crucial field of research. This paper aims to find out those areas where CSR activities are done. Shriram Fertilizers is India‟s biggest agrochemical manufacturing company. This study highlights the main CSR activities done by Shriram Fertilizers. The paper is based on secondary data. This study explores the significance of CSR initiatives in today‟s scenario. This essay focuses more on social and environmental responsibilities. This paper's result is only related to the fertilizer sector its result is not related to another financial sector.
Keywords: CSR, Environmental Responsibility, Social Responsibility, fertilizer industry.

Paper Title ROLE OF STATE IN GOVERNANCE- POLICIES AND PRACTICES
Author Name Harpreet Kaur
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15860590
Page No. 102-108

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
ROLE OF STATE IN GOVERNANCE- POLICIES AND PRACTICES
Author: Harpreet Kaur

The concept of state occupies a central place in discourses on politics and administration. State is basically the political organ of the society. Government is a critical element of the state. The government is constitutionally responsible to the state for administration through various institutions to ensure a better society and improved lives of citizens. Transparency and accountability are essential ingredients of good governance. The interaction between citizens and the government requires a certain level of transparency in its functioning. Accountability ensures an answerability for the actions taken by the government machinery towards the people it serves. Ethical governance can be called as an augmentation to good governance. It requires that public officials adhere to the principle of promoting public interest over personal gains. They should exhibit high standards of moral conduct and consider their jobs as vocation. Vocation here means a purpose driven life committed to the cause of promoting the common good.
Key Words: Accountability, Development, Ethical, Governance, Information, State,

Paper Title ROLE OF SPIRITUALITY IN SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Author Name Padmini Tomer
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15860875
Page No. 109-117

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
ROLE OF SPIRITUALITY IN SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Author: Padmini Tomer

Economic instability is the main problem faced by most of the nation these days. Uncertainties and fluctuation are noticed within the economy and result into negative growth. Human well-being is not a priority at all. Multiple financial crisis, recession, and inflation are the main problems behind the suffering of common man. Unequal distribution of resources, dominance by developed nation, concentration of power in few hands, inappropriate government policies and geopolitical conflicts are the root cause of economic instability. This economic instability can only be corrected with the help of sustainable economic development. To promote the sustainability concept spirituality helps in many ways. Ancient Hindu scripture named ‘The Bhagavad Gita’ teaches human beings how to inculcate the concept of sustainability to live a life full of purpose and meaning. Further, to enlighten the whole world with the teachings of Gita related with sustainable economic development, this research article has been planned. The main objective of the study is to highlight the main teachings of the Bhagavad Gita associated with spiritual economics and how these teachings can help to solve economic problems. This study is descriptive in nature and based upon secondary data. The study concluded that it is the responsibility of the businesses, government, and financial institutions to popularize this concept by set their own example while taking decisions about society as a whole. This definitely helps to up-grade the human capital and will be used as competitive advantage in this competitive materialistic world.
Keywords: Sustainable Economic Development, Spiritual economics, Sustainability, Bhagavad Gita, Economic growth and Problems

Paper Title FROM DIGITAL DIVIDE TO DIGITAL BRIDGE: THE ROLE OF ONLINE LEARNING IN RURAL EDUCATION
Author Name Bala Khanna
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15869662
Page No. 118-127

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
FROM DIGITAL DIVIDE TO DIGITAL BRIDGE: THE ROLE OF ONLINE LEARNING IN RURAL EDUCATION
Author: Bala Khanna

Focusing on the five key factors of internet connection, device availability, digital literacy, motivation, and the cost of data, the study explores the barriers of the use of online learning platforms. A structured questionnaire was administered to 400 participants, to assess their experiences with online learning. These barriers were quantified in the study using descriptive statistics to assess the extent of the barriers. Respondents identified several challenges, including lack of devices, inadequate internet accessibility, and problems with digital literacy. There are important managerial implications of the findings of this study for platform developers and for educational institutions. Both the use, and the usability, of online learning systems could be profoundly expanded by updates to interfaces, cheaper data plans and better internet infrastructure. Beyond onboarding practices to help engage students, users may also benefit from digital literacy training to close the gaps in user skills. Future studies must investigate the long-term effects of these interventions on learner results and take-up rates, with special consideration for socio demographic factors such as location and income. Comparative studies across countries or regions can also shed light on how infrastructure and cultural differences influence the usage of such platforms. In addition, looking for solutions in modern technology, such as virtual reality or AI, can provide creative solutions to these issues and improve the learning experience.
Keywords: Online learning platforms, barriers to adoption, digital literacy, internet connectivity, educational technology.

Paper Title INTEGRATION OF PRINCELY STATES AFTER INDEPENDENCE
Author Name Harpreet Kaur
Country India
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16022085
Page No. 128-136

Abstract View PDF Download Certificate
INTEGRATION OF PRINCELY STATES AFTER INDEPENDENCE
Author: Harpreet Kaur

At the time of Indian independence in 1947, there were approximately 565 princely states within British India. These states were not part of the British provinces but were ruled by Indian rulers under the suzerainty of the British crown. Following independence, these states were given the option to join either India or Pakistan, or remain independent. At the Dawn of Independence, being convinced that the princely states should form a part of the overall Union of India, Sardar Patel wanted that democratic governments should be established in the states and the princes should join the Union of India as the federating units. In the process of nation-building, he wanted the citizens of the states to join him. He believed that the will of the people is supreme, and sovereignty rested not with the king but with the people only.
Keywords: Accession, Democracy, Nationalism, Paramountcy, Princely States,

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