Archives

Paper Title:: ECONOMIC THOUGHT OF DEEN DAYAL UPADHYAY
Author Name:: Kartar Singh
Country:: India
Page No.:: 9-14

View PDF Certificate

Paper Title:: EMERGING TRENDS OF ONLINE FOOD ORDERING APPS IN INDIA
Author Name:: Rupina Popli, Subash Chandra Nath
Country:: India
Page No.:: 15-20

View PDF Certificate

Paper Title:: STUDY ON RECRUITMENT & SELECTION: A REVIEW
Author Name:: Chetna, Divya Jyoti Thakur, Raounak Verma, Rashmi Dwivedi
Country:: India
Page No.:: 21-24

View PDF Certificate

Paper Title:: ERP INTEGRATION IN MAHARASHTRA'S SMES: OPPORTUNITIES AND HURDLES
Author Name:: Patil Abhishek Pramod & Sandeep Soni
Country:: India
Page No.:: 25-29

View PDF Certificate

Paper Title:: ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF BLACK PEPPER CULTIVATION IN DAKSHINA KANNADA AND KODAGU DISTRICTS
Author Name:: Venkatesha Prasanna. P.K
Country:: India
Page No.:: 30-42

View PDF Certificate

Author: Venkatesha Prasanna. P.K

ABSTRACT
Black pepper (Piper nigrum), known as the ―King of Spices,‖ is one of India’s most
important export-oriented spice crops. Karnataka, and particularly the districts of Kodagu and
Dakshina Kannada, account for a major share of India’s black pepper area and production.
Black pepper cultivation plays a multifaceted role in the economy of Dakshina Kannada and
Kodagu districts — contributing to farm income, employment, trade, and exports. This study
analyses the economics and performance of black pepper cultivation in Dakshina Kannada
and Kodagu, focusing on costs, yields, income, and growth trends. Cultivation requires a high
initial investment of ₹3.11 lakh in the first year and consistent annual costs of about ₹5.41
lakh until maturity. Since black pepper plants take three years to yield, the first two years
bring no returns, making it a long-gestation crop. Break-even is achieved only in the sixth
year, with cumulative profits beginning thereafter; by the seventh year, cumulative gross
income reaches ₹11.02 lakh and gross profit about ₹3.15 lakh. The area under cultivation
expanded steadily between 2011–12 and 2021–22, from 2,146 ha to 15,037 ha in Dakshina
Kannada and from 10,643 ha to 98,445 ha in Kodagu, with Kodagu’s growth nearly ten times
faster. Production showed fluctuations in Dakshina Kannada, dipping in 2015–16 and 2017–
18 before rising sharply to 82,704 MT in 2021–22, whereas Kodagu recorded rapid and
consistent growth, reaching 4,46,940 MT in 2021–22 (over five times increase). Productivity
in Dakshina Kannada fluctuated sharply (200–580 kg/ha), while Kodagu showed more stable
upward trends (237–512 kg/ha). Overall, Kodagu emerged as the dominant hub for black
pepper cultivation due to its larger area and stable yields, while Dakshina Kannada struggled
with yield fluctuations despite land expansion. Hypothesis testing based on primary data
indicates no significant year-wise differences in cultivation area or production within each
district, but a significant difference exists between Dakshina Kannada and Kodagu in both
area and production, confirming Kodagu’s clear dominance in black pepper cultivation.
Keywords: Black Pepper Cultivation, Cost and Profitability.

Paper Title:: STATUS OF PRIMARY EDUCATION IN THE MORIGAON DISTRICT OF ASSAM
Author Name:: Pranab Jyoti Sarma & Rajib Malo
Country:: India
Page No.:: 43-49

View PDF Certificate

Author: Pranab Jyoti Sarma & Rajib Malo

ABSTRACT:
The status of primary education in the Morigaon district of Assam reflects a mixed scenario
of substantial progress in access and infrastructure alongside persistent challenges in
retention and learning outcomes. Out of the eight goals of Millennium Development goals
(MDG), two are subjected to education. These are as follows:
Goal 2: “Achieve Universal Primary Education”.
Goal 3: “Promote gender equality and empower women”.
However, the scope of this paper is concerned with the goal No.2 as stated above. The target
of this goal as defined by the member nations is to “Ensure that, by 2015, children
everywhere, boys alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling”. The
Govt. of Indian Union, with 86th amendment of its Constitution has offered its citizen the
right to primary education as one more fundamental right. Meanwhile, it also launched a
highly ambitious scheme to ensure primary education of seven years duration for all children
under the Mission of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) by the year 2010.Assam is known as one
of the educationally backward states in the national perspective. The state’s literacy rate
(69.37%) is not only lagging behind that of national average (74.04%), the rampant incidence
of dropouts at the primary level of education (39.58%) is posing a serious threat to the move
to ensure universal primary education. And if we compared the literacy rate of Morigaon
District is very low as compared to the state’s rate. Therefore, in this paper an attempt is
made to study about the status of Primary Education and causes of as well as consequences in
the Morigaon district of Assam. For the preset study was undertaken in some rural and urban
area schools of Morigaon district. Data collected through scheduled questionnaire providing
class and sex wise enrolment of the beginning of the year and students completing the class
work of the end of the year. Data for two consecutive years thus collected is used to calculate
the school wise dropout rates.
Keywords: The Mission of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), primary education, dropouts,
literacy rate, Morigaon District,

National Research Journal of Business Economics

Archives Volume-10, Issue-1 (January-June)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CALL FOR PAPERS 2025 (January-June)

Subscribe This Journal