Name: Ankita Tomar & Syed Wajihul Hasan Rizvi
Country: India

Year: 2026
Volume: Volume-13, Issue-1 (January-June)
Page Number: 77-82
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19438674

1-INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
The relationship between politics, economics, and public policy has historically been at the center of debates regarding national development and governance. Political economy, as a field of study, examines the interactions between individuals, governments, and public policy, recognizing that economic decisions are deeply embedded within political frameworks. As states around the world grapple with pressing challenges such as inequality, poverty, climate change, and technological disruption, understanding the political economy becomes critical for designing effective and equitable public policies that foster sustainable development.
Public policy does not emerge in a vacuum. It is the result of complex negotiations among various political and economic actors—governments, corporations, interest groups, nongovernmental organizations, and citizens. These stakeholders operate within systems characterized by competing interests, resource constraints, and divergent visions of development. Hence, public policy is a reflection of the political economy's structure and
dynamics.