Author: राजीव कुमार ,रघुवीर

महात्मा गांधी राष्ट्रीय ग्रामीण रोजगार गारंटी अधिनियम (मनरेगा) दुनिया का सबसे व्यापक सामाजिक सुरक्षा कार्यक्रम है, जिसका देश में गरीबी उन्मूलन और प्राकृतिक आधार को मजबूत करने में योगदान के लिए व्यापक रूप से अध्ययन किया गया है। हालाँकि, कार्यक्रम कार्यान्वयन को राष्ट्रीय और उप-राष्ट्रीय विकास लक्ष्यों से जोड़ने वाले अनुसंधान में एक अंतर है, जो सतत विकास के वैश्विक लक्ष्यों को प्राप्त करने के लिए महत्वपूर्ण हैं। इस प्रकार इस अध्ययन का उद्देश्य उत्तराखंड राज्य टिहरी गढ़वाल जनपद को एक उदाहरण के रूप में लेते हुए, मनरेगा कार्यान्वयन में जिला-स्तरीय अंतर्दृष्टि प्राप्त करना है। भूमि उपयोग भूमि कवर (एलयूएलसी) और भू-भाग, जो स्थानीय विकास और योजना प्रयासों को आकार देने के अलावा समग्र कार्यक्रम कार्यान्वयन पर एक गुप्त नियंत्रण रखता है। एलयूएलसी और स्थलाकृति ने जिले में कार्यों के वितरण पर गहरा प्रभाव दिखाया। निष्कर्ष दूरगामी सामाजिक-आर्थिक और पर्यावरणीय लाभांश प्राप्त करने की दिशा में राज्य के लिए बेहतर योजनाएं तैयार करने में मदद कर सकते हैं। इस पत्र के माध्यम से उत्तराखंड की अर्थव्यवस्था में मनरेगा के योगदान पर विश्लेषण प्रस्तुत करने का प्रयास किया गया है।
मुख्य-शब्दः मनरेगा आर्थिक समीक्षा, योगदान एवं प्रभाव।

Author: Dr. Pratibha Madan

India is currently in a phase of demographic dividend due to its favorable Demographic Structure. Though, high proportion of working age population boost economic growth but the pace of growth is determined by enhanced abilities of the working age population and creating human capital. In this context this paper aims at understanding the concept of demographic deposits, demographic dividend and demographic debts and exploring how the rate of economic growth increases with enhancing the capabilities of human workforce. The paper also highlights the key areas to focus for leveraging best of the demographic dividend stage and also highlight the challenges and how the country needs to prepare for the future challenges through maximizing the present returns from the current demographic structure.
KEYWORDS: Population, Demographic Dividend, Economic Growth

Author: Baljinder Singh, Himat Singh

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 introduced by the Government of India is a comprehensive framework aimed at transforming the Indian education system. This paper examines the implications of NEP 2020 on higher education in Punjab, focusing on its potential to enhance the quality of education, increase accessibility, and promote inclusivity. By analyzing current challenges and proposed reforms, this study aims to provide a nuanced understanding of NEP 2020's impact on Punjab's higher education landscape.
KEYWORDS: AISHE, NEP, GER, DIGITAL LEARNING

Author: Dr Tripat Kaur

Ageing is an irreparable biological process. Ageing is stated as the inevitable consequence of decline in productiveness with the advent of technology, advancement in health care facilities there is decrease in mortality rate the main purpose of this research manuscript is to acquite understanding of the problems of aged people in the general and especially the economic situation of female elderly, as elderly problems are future big challenge.
KEY WORDS= Ageing, Economic, Alienated, Jeopardy, Liability.

Author: Sajla

ABSTRACT
Almost every nation today irrespective of whether it is a developed nation or an
underdeveloped one, a first world country like France or a third world country like Nigeria
suffers from the problem of perpetuating unemployment India being no exception to this. Our
nation has been infested by unemployment and even after 7 decades of planned development,
reforms, policies; not much impact has been brought onto the scene furthermore the nation
continues to witness staggering cyclical fluctuations in the levels of unemployment. The
major emphasis of this study is to fathom upon the trajectory of the unemployment problem
in our country, major factors that have ensured its persistence and the present problems that
are looming to be unleashed upon the apparatus of our economic structure. Also it highlights
present attempts made by the government in the direction of reducing the magnitude of this
problem and its effectiveness as well as some recommendations which can augment a better
scenario for eradication of this major problem of Unemployment in India.
Keywords: Unemployment, planned development, cyclical fluctuations, reforms.

Author: Jaswinder Singh

ABSTRACT
The present paper endeavors to analyse the inter-firm variations in technical efficiency of
Indian pharmaceutical industry during the pre-TRIPS and post-TRIPS period. In view of
achieving the above objective, data for thirty major Indian pharmaceutical firms has been
culled out from the various reports of the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE)
over the period 1991 to 2018. The Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) has been used to
compute the technical efficiency and scale efficiency scores of Indian pharmaceutical firms.
The empirical result reveals that the average inefficiency to the tune of 11.11 percent has
been observed in Indian pharmaceutical industry during the entire study period, whereas it
has been found that the Post-TRIPS period has experienced a set-back as the average OTE
has declined from 90.8 percent during the pre-TRIPS period to 85.2 percent during the postTRIPS. Therefore, during the post-TRIPS period the overall technical inefficiency has
observed to be 14.8 percent. The result shows that the managerial inefficiency (i.e., pure
technical inefficiency) is the dominant source, whereas scale inefficiency is relatively scant
source of technical inefficiency in Indian pharmaceutical industry. It can be inferred that the
TRIPS agreement has observed to be adversely affected the efficiency trends and thus, failed
to exert any positive impact on the efficiency of Indian pharmaceutical industry.
Keywords: Malmquist Productivity Index, Pharmaceutical Industry, TRIPS, Data
Envelopment Analysis

Author:

Author:

Rejected paper

Author: Arpan Shree

ABSTRACT
This study examines the relationship between heatwave exposure and daily wages in Bihar through a district-level panel framework covering the period 2000–2025. The study is locatedn within environmental economics, labour economics, and climate-vulnerability literature, with special attention to informal rural labour markets, agricultural work, construction labour, and
MGNREGA-type wage floors. Bihar is an appropriate case because of its high dependence on manual labour, large rural workforce, low adaptive capacity, recurrent heat stress, and high sensitivity of wage employment to seasonal climate shocks. The study uses a secondary-data design in which district-level daily maximum temperature is conceptually derived from IMD
gridded temperature data, wage indicators are drawn from Labour Bureau rural wage series, Agricultural Wages in India, MGNREGA wage notifications, and state-level socio-economic controls are harmonised from official statistical sources. A fixed-effects district panel model is proposed to estimate the impact of annual heatwave days on real daily wages, controlling for rainfall, agricultural output conditions, inflation, rural employment intensity, district fixed effects, and year fixed effects. The estimated results indicate that heatwave exposure has a
negative and statistically significant association with real daily wages. The effect is stronger for agricultural and outdoor casual labour than for relatively protected non-agricultural wage work. The study concludes that heatwaves reduce daily earnings through fewer working hours, lower productivity, delayed work, higher health costs, and bargaining disadvantage
among informal workers.

Keywords: Heatwave, Bihar, daily wages, district panel data, environmental economics, labour productivity, rural labour, climate vulnerability.