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Archives Volume No: 12, Issue No: 2, Year: 2025 (Special Issue-2)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Paper Title:
TRANSNATIONAL HIGHER EDUCATION CULTURES AND GENERATIVE AI
Author Name:
Aveena
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17721269
Page No.:
1-9
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TRANSNATIONAL HIGHER EDUCATION CULTURES AND GENERATIVE AI
Author: Aveena

ABSTRACT:
Inclusive education is a vital component of equitable development in rural India; the
government plays a central role in ensuring its implementation through targeted policies,
infrastructure support, and community engagement. Key initiatives such as the Right to
Education Act (2009), Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan, and the National Education Policy (2020)
provide the legislative and financial framework to promote inclusive practices in schools.
Despite these efforts, challenges persist—including inadequate infrastructure, shortage of
trained educators, low awareness among rural communities, and fragmented coordination
across departments. By analyzing secondary data from government reports, national surveys,
and policy documents, this study highlights the strengths and limitations of current
approaches and offers recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of inclusive education
in rural Karnataka.
Keywords: Inclusive Education, Rural Development, Government and Infrastructure

Paper Title:
GROWTH AND PERFORMANCE OF ORGANIC FOOD PRODUCTION IN KARNATAKA
Author Name:
Bhavya C & Harisha N
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17721376
Page No.:
10-15
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GROWTH AND PERFORMANCE OF ORGANIC FOOD PRODUCTION IN KARNATAKA
Author: Bhavya C & Harisha N

ABSTRACT
Organic farming has gained global prominence as a sustainable alternative to chemicalintensive agriculture, offering benefits for human health, environmental conservation, and
rural livelihoods. Karnataka has emerged as a leading state in India by actively promoting
organic cultivation through policy initiatives, certification support, and farmer
engagement.This study analyzes the growth and performance of organic food production in
Karnataka from 2008 to 2023, using government data to examine changes in cultivated area,
total output, and yield per hectare. The findings reveal a substantial expansion in organic
farming: the area under cultivation nearly doubled from 45,000 to 89,500 hectares, while
production rose from 125,000 to 267,000 tonnes. However, this growth was primarily driven
by land expansion rather than improvements in crop productivity. Fruits and vegetables
recorded the highest growth rates, indicating a shift toward high-value organic crops. The
study highlights the concept of organic farming and provides a comprehensive assessment of
its performance across different crop categories in Karnataka.
Keywords: agriculture, Organic farming, Karnataka, Government,Sustainable

Paper Title:
THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN PROMOTING INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN RURAL INDIA: POLICIES, PRACTICES, AND CHALLENGES
Author Name:
Chandra Kumar S N
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17721405
Page No.:
16-22
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THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN PROMOTING INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN RURAL INDIA: POLICIES, PRACTICES, AND CHALLENGES
Author: Chandra Kumar S N

ABSTRACT:
Inclusive education is a vital component of equitable development in rural India; the
government plays a central role in ensuring its implementation through targeted policies,
infrastructure support, and community engagement. Key initiatives such as the Right to
Education Act (2009), Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan, and the National Education Policy (2020)
provide the legislative and financial framework to promote inclusive practices in schools.
Despite these efforts, challenges persist—including inadequate infrastructure, shortage of
trained educators, low awareness among rural communities, and fragmented coordination
across departments. By analyzing secondary data from government reports, national surveys,
and policy documents, this study highlights the strengths and limitations of current
approaches and offers recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of inclusive education
in rural Karnataka.
Keywords: Inclusive Education,Rural Development, Government and Infrastructure

Paper Title:
AGRICULTURE CREDIT THROUGH CANARA BANK FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SATHENAHALLI VILLAGE, HASSAN DISTRICT
Author Name:
Deepa D.
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17721449
Page No.:
23-30
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AGRICULTURE CREDIT THROUGH CANARA BANK FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SATHENAHALLI VILLAGE, HASSAN DISTRICT
Author: Deepa D.

ABSTRACT:
Institutional agricultural credit plays a crucial role in enabling farmers to adopt modern and
sustainable agricultural practices. This study explores the role of Canara Bank in providing
agricultural credit in Sathenahalli village, Hassan district, with a focus on credit accessibility,
utilization patterns, and its impact on farmers‘ livelihoods. The findings indicate that most
beneficiaries are aged 30–40 years, with a considerable proportion being non-literate. Canara
Bank‘s credit facilities significantly contribute to household income and support the adoption of
improved agricultural inputs and practices. The study also reveals that loans are availed for
various purposes and utilized across different agricultural activities. Despite these benefits,
challenges such as limited awareness of credit schemes, procedural complexities, and
insufficient support for small and marginal farmers persist. The study underscores the need to
ensure equitable access to credit, strengthen institutional mechanisms, and promote sustainable
agricultural development.
Key words: Agriculture, Income, Gender, Education, Loan , Expenditure

Paper Title:
THE ROLE OF SKILL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES IN PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN KARNATAKA
Author Name:
Devaraju A R
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17721496
Page No.:
31-37
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THE ROLE OF SKILL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES IN PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN KARNATAKA
Author: Devaraju A R

ABSTRACT:
The present study explores how skill development programmes have become a cornerstone of
Karnataka’s strategy for achieving sustainable development. These initiatives aim to bridge
the gap between education and employment by equipping youth, women, and marginalized
communities with industry-relevant competencies. Flagship programmes such as Kaushalya
Karnataka, Yuva Yuga, and sector-specific training under the Karnataka Skill Development
Corporation (KSDC) have significantly enhanced employability, fostered entrepreneurship,
and supported green and inclusive economic growth. By aligning training with emerging
sectors like renewable energy, digital technology, and sustainable agriculture, these
programmes contribute to both environmental sustainability and economic resilience. The
decentralization of training centres to rural and semi-urban areas further promotes balanced
regional development and mitigates urban migration. Karnataka’s skill development
ecosystem actively supports the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs),
particularly those related to quality education, decent work, reduced inequalities, and climate
action. This paper examines the contribution of these programmes to sustainable development
across the state.
Keywords: Education, Skill Development, Sustainable Development, Regional Development
and Sustainable Agriculture.

Paper Title:
SUSTAINABLE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN THROUGH NGO’s
Author Name:
Gangaraja M & K.S. Veerendra Kumar
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17721613
Page No.:
38-42
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SUSTAINABLE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN THROUGH NGO’s
Author: Gangaraja M & K.S. Veerendra Kumar

ABSTRACT
This study explores the pivotal role of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in
promoting sustainable human development for women across Karnataka, a state characterized
by significant socio-economic disparities. The abstract provides an in-depth analysis of NGO
interventions aimed at addressing multidimensional challenges faced by women, particularly
those in rural and marginalized communities. Sustainable human development is framed
within a holistic context, encompassing economic self-reliance, social empowerment,
environmental stewardship, and legal awareness. Research indicates that NGOs function as
vital conduits, bridging the gap between government schemes and vulnerable populations.
Key strategies employed include the promotion of women's Self-Help Groups (SHGs), a
model pioneered in Karnataka by organizations like MYRADA since the mid-1980s. These
SHGs have proven effective in mobilizing women for thrift and credit activities, which serves
as a foundation for broader empowerment initiatives. Non-Governmental Organizations
(NGO’s) mobilize people for constructive community work and often reach the most
deprived sections of society and contribute to the socio-economic development of the
country. This study shows the cooperation between the Government and the NonGovernmental Organizations (NGO’s) to implement the government programmers in
Karnataka. Karnataka is one of the growing states of India which has bundle of schemes for
the empowerment of Women and development of children implemented with the help of the
NGO’s. Government of Karnataka has come up with varieties of programs for the benefit of
women and children. Empowerment of women is high on the agenda in the development plan
and policies in the state. NGOs have the potential to initiate this process and they have been
actively involved in planning process and implementing of various policies related to women.
They are also enhancing government efforts to work together. They are responding to the
needs and aspirations of the women and children. NGOs have been making remarkable
efforts for the upliftment of the women. They are fighting for their rights and making them
more self-reliant. They empower women by conducting training programs that promote a
solid base of conceptual, theoretical, and practical skills. There are various NGOs involved in
solving the issues of women and promoting the related laws, safeguarding the interest of
women in the framework of local or national policymaking. In this paper we throw light on
the role of NGOs in the implementation of the government programmes to empower women
and children.
Keywords: Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO’s), Empowerment, Programmes,
Implementation.

Paper Title:
AN ANALYSIS OF THE HIGHER EDUCATION STATUS OF INDIA: SPECIAL REFERENCE TO KARNATAKA
Author Name:
Gangadhara R
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17721662
Page No.:
43-53
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AN ANALYSIS OF THE HIGHER EDUCATION STATUS OF INDIA: SPECIAL REFERENCE TO KARNATAKA
Author: Gangadhara R

ABSTRACT
The higher education sector in India has witnessed substantial growth in the past few
decades, with a notable expansion in the number of institutions and student enrolment.
However, the quality, accessibility, and regional disparities continue to pose significant
challenges. This study aims to analyze the current status of higher education in India with a
specific focus on the state of Karnataka. Utilizing secondary data from official sources such
as AISHE and UGC reports, the paper examines trends in gross enrolment ratio (GER),
faculty strength, infrastructural development, and policy reforms. The comparative analysis
highlights Karnataka’s achievements in expanding access and improving research outputs,
while also identifying persistent gaps related to rural-urban divides and equity. The findings
suggest that while Karnataka serves as a model in several respects, strategic interventions are
still required to align with national objectives set out in the National Education Policy (NEP)
2020. The study concludes with policy recommendations to strengthen higher education
across India, informed by Karnataka's progress and challenges.
Keywords: Higher Education, India, Karnataka, National Education Policy, Gross Enrolment
Ratio, Institutional Quality, Research, Digital Learning, Equity in Education.

Paper Title:
PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF ARECANUT-BASED INTERCROPPING SYSTEMS: A CASE STUDY IN SHIVAMOGGA DISTRICT IN KARNATAKA
Author Name:
Gayathri B. A. & M. S. Ramananda
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17721713
Page No.:
54-65
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PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF ARECANUT-BASED INTERCROPPING SYSTEMS: A CASE STUDY IN SHIVAMOGGA DISTRICT IN KARNATAKA
Author: Gayathri B. A. & M. S. Ramananda

ABSTRACT
Arecanut, commonly known as betel nut, is one of the most important commercial plantation
crops in India, with Karnataka being the leading producer. Within the state, Shivamogga
district holds prominence due to its favorable climate, extensive cultivation, and the
prevalence of intercrop systems such as banana, pepper, cocoa, and turmeric. As arecanut is a
perennial crop with wide spacing, it provides considerable scope for intercropping, which
enhances resource use efficiency and secures additional income for farmers. In this present
research experiment was conducted in the Shivamogga District in Karnataka using four
different cropping models. Model I consisted of areca nut as a monocrop. Model II included
areca nut intercropped with banana, vegetables, and pulses. Model III comprised areca nut
intercropped with ginger, maize, pulses, and brinjal. Model IV involved areca nut
intercropped with tomato, pulses, and a tomato–chilli–pulses combination. These cropping
systems were established during 2014–15 on an experimental site with ten-year-old areca nut
palms. The cost and income analysis of arecanut-based cropping systems clearly shows how
intercropping improves overall profitability compared to sole arecanut cultivation. In Model-I
(sole arecanut), the total cost of cultivation is ₹10,91,000 with an income of ₹11,25,000,
giving only marginal returns. However, when intercrops are introduced, the economic
performance improves significantly. Model-II (arecanut + banana + vegetables + pulses)
requires an additional cost of ₹1,90,000, raising the total cost to ₹12,81,000, but generates an
intercrop income of ₹5,00,000, increasing overall income to ₹16,25,000, where intercrops
contribute about 39.03% of net profit. Similarly, Model-III (arecanut + ginger + maize +
pulses + brinjal) shows the highest profitability, with an additional cost of ₹2,95,000 and
overall cost of ₹13,86,000, yielding ₹8,00,000 from intercrops. This boosts the total income
to ₹19,25,000, with intercrops contributing a significant 57.72% share in net profit, proving it
to be the most economically viable model. Model-IV (arecanut + tomato + chilli + pulses)
also performs well, with an additional cost of ₹2,50,000 and total cost of ₹13,41,000,
generating ₹6,00,000 from intercrops and achieving an overall income of ₹17,25,000, with
intercrops contributing 44.74% of net profit. Thus, the study indicates that intercropping not
only increases total farm income but also reduces the economic risk associated with sole
arecanut cultivation, with Model-III standing out as the most profitable and sustainable
option.

Paper Title:
DIGITAL LITERACY IN HIGHER EDUCATION: ASSESSING FACULTY AND STUDENT PERCEPTIONS, CHALLENGES, AND BEST PRACTICES
Author Name:
Hanumanthappa
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17721825
Page No.:
66-71
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DIGITAL LITERACY IN HIGHER EDUCATION: ASSESSING FACULTY AND STUDENT PERCEPTIONS, CHALLENGES, AND BEST PRACTICES
Author: Hanumanthappa

ABSTRACT:
Digital literacy has become a key requirement in higher education, shaping how teachers teach
and how students learn in the modern digital age. This study examines how faculty members
and students perceive digital literacy, what challenges they face in using digital tools, and what
practices help improve their digital competence. Using a mixed-method approach, data were
collected from selected universities through surveys and interviews. The study found that while
both groups recognize the importance of digital literacy, their skill levels and confidence in
using technology differ widely. Limited training, lack of infrastructure, and uneven access to
resources were identified as major barriers. However, effective strategies such as integrating
digital skills into the curriculum, offering regular training workshops, and encouraging peer
collaboration proved beneficial. The study suggests that institutions should adopt
comprehensive digital literacy policies to support faculty and students, ensuring quality
teaching, active learning, and better preparation for the digital world.
Key terms: Digital literacy, higher education, faculty perceptions, student experiences,
challenges, best practices, technology in education, digital skills development

Paper Title:
SKILL DEVELOPMENT AND EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES: AN EVALUATION OF PMKVY IN KARNATAKA
Author Name:
R. Harish Kumar
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17721976
Page No.:
72-81
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SKILL DEVELOPMENT AND EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES: AN EVALUATION OF PMKVY IN KARNATAKA
Author: R. Harish Kumar

ABSTRACT
This study investigates the effectiveness of the Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana
(PMKVY) in enhancing youth employment opportunities in Karnataka. Using both primary
survey data from 740 beneficiaries and secondary sources such as NSDC, PLFS, KSDC, and
district-level evaluations, the paper analyses disparities in regional participation, genderbased outcomes, and the efficiency of training-to-placement pathways across Phases 1.0, 2.0,
and 3.0. Although more than 9.8 lakh individuals have undergone training under PMKVY in
Karnataka, employment results have been inconsistent, with placement success varying
considerably across districts. The findings highlight critical bottlenecks, including uneven
training infrastructure, mismatched sectoral focus, and persistent challenges in aligning skills
supply with labour market demand.

Paper Title:
AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON FACTORS INFLUENCING CONSUMERS’ PURCHASE INTENTION OF ELECTRIC BIKES
Author Name:
Harsha B D
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17722159
Page No.:
82-93
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AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON FACTORS INFLUENCING CONSUMERS’ PURCHASE INTENTION OF ELECTRIC BIKES
Author: Harsha B D

ABSTRACT
The rapid growth of India’s electric vehicle (EV) industry has established electric bikes (ebikes) as a key component of sustainable urban mobility. Factors such as rising fuel prices,
increasing environmental concerns, and government incentives, including the FAME II
scheme, have accelerated e-bike adoption, positioning them as a viable alternative to
conventional petrol two-wheelers. This study empirically examines the factors influencing
consumers’ purchase intention of electric bikes (e-bikes) in Mysore City, Karnataka, focusing
on socio-demographic, psychological, economic, and product-related aspects. Primary data
were collected from 60 e-bike users with at least one year of usage experience, using
structured questionnaires and personal interviews. Data were analyzed through descriptive
statistics, mean values, and ANOVA tests to identify the most significant determinants of ebike adoption. A cost comparison between electric and conventional petrol bikes revealed
that e-bikes offer notable economic advantages, particularly at higher daily usage. Among
electric brands, Ola S1 Pro is the most cost-effective, with total monthly costs ranging from
₹4,404.11 (20 km/day) to ₹4,740.11 (60 km/day), followed by TVS iQube. The Ather 450X
incurs the highest total cost due to higher fixed expenses, while petrol bikes below 120 CC
have steeply rising running costs, making e-bikes more economical for extended usage.
Analysis of mean values from the 5-point Likert scale indicated that Mileage Range (4.11)
and Price (4.08) are the most influential factors in consumers’ purchase decisions. Speed
(4.05) and Brand Name (3.85) also play a significant role, reflecting the importance of
performance and reputation. Warranty (3.96) is moderately valued, while factors such as
Resale Value (3.26), Availability of Spare Parts (3.41), and Other Special Features (3.50)
have minimal influence. The ANOVA test confirms that practical and performance-related
aspects—particularly mileage, price, and speed—have the strongest influence on purchase
decisions, whereas secondary or long-term considerations play a minor role. Overall, the
study demonstrates that economic benefits, performance, and brand perception dominate
consumer preferences, while environmental and warranty factors are moderately important,
highlighting the practical priorities guiding e-bike adoption.
Key words: Electric Bikes, Purchase Intention, Consumer Behaviour.

Paper Title:
INCLUSIVE EDUCATION TOWARDS RURAL SELF-RELIANCE
Author Name:
Kavya H.K & Ravindra Kumar B
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17722259
Page No.:
94-102
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INCLUSIVE EDUCATION TOWARDS RURAL SELF-RELIANCE
Author: Kavya H.K & Ravindra Kumar B

ABSTRACT
This study investigates the inclusive education towards rural self-reliance through an
empirical analysis of Tumkur District, and Karnataka. Data was collected from 65
respondents to examine various aspects, including demographic profiles, educational
attainment, household incomes, employment types, perceptions of education importance,
school infrastructure quality, enrolment and dropout rates, parental education levels, and
challenges in accessing education. The findings reveal a predominantly agrarian community
with significant educational disparities and infrastructure challenges. While there is
widespread recognition of education's importance for economic and social development,
concerns persist regarding the quality of education, especially regarding infrastructure and
access to technology. Dropout rates increase with higher educational levels, reflecting
barriers such as financial constraints and inadequate infrastructure. Parental education levels
are predominantly low, potentially influencing educational opportunities for younger
generations. Key challenges identified include financial constraints, distance to schools, poor
infrastructure, and socio-cultural barriers, which hinder equitable access to education. These
findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to improve educational infrastructure,
address socio-economic disparities, and promote inclusive educational policies that cater to
the diverse needs of rural communities. Addressing these challenges is crucial for fostering
sustainable rural development through enhanced educational opportunities and outcomes.
Keywords: Rural development, Education, Educational disparities, Infrastructure challenges

Paper Title:
A CONCEPTUAL STUDY ON SHEEP AND GOAT REARING IN MANDYA DISTRICT, KARNATAKA
Author Name:
Madegowda M. & K.S. Veerendra Kumar
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17722308
Page No.:
103-106
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A CONCEPTUAL STUDY ON SHEEP AND GOAT REARING IN MANDYA DISTRICT, KARNATAKA
Author: Madegowda M. & K.S. Veerendra Kumar

ABSTRACT
Sheep and goat rearing constitute an integral component of the rural economy in Mandya
district, Karnataka, providing livelihood support to small and marginal farmers. These small
ruminants contribute significantly to meat, wool, milk, and manure production, thereby
enhancing agricultural diversification and nutritional security. This conceptual study explores
the status, trends, and challenges of sheep and goat farming in Mandya district. It analyses
population changes, breed composition, farming systems, economic returns, and major
constraints, while also proposing strategies for sustainable development.
As per the 20th Livestock Census (2019), Mandya district reported approximately 3,47,133
sheep and 3,46,430 goats, with modest growth rates of 1.62% and 0.01%, respectively.
Prominent breeds include the indigenous Bannur sheep and improved goat breeds such as
Kanni Adu and Sirohi, which align with Karnataka’s state breeding policy. Farmers employ
traditional, semi-intensive, and intensive rearing systems, each with distinct economic
outcomes. Intensive systems yield higher profits — approximately ₹4,186 per goat and
₹3,983 per sheep annually — but demand substantial investment and management.
The study identifies persistent challenges such as feed scarcity, disease outbreaks, poor
marketing infrastructure, and climatic stress. It recommends promoting semi-intensive
systems, expanding breeding and veterinary services, improving fodder availability, and
strengthening market linkages through cooperative structures. With appropriate institutional
and policy support, sheep and goat husbandry in Mandya district has strong potential to
enhance rural incomes and contribute to sustainable agricultural growth.
Keywords: Livestock, Bannur Sheep, Kanni Adu, Sirohi, Sustainable Livelihoods

Paper Title:
AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF PANCHAYAT RAJ INSTITUTIONS ON RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF KARNATAKA CASE STUDY OF MANDYA DISTRICTv
Author Name:
Rangaswamy L C & Ramananda M S
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17722414
Page No.:
107-110
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AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF PANCHAYAT RAJ INSTITUTIONS ON RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF KARNATAKA CASE STUDY OF MANDYA DISTRICTv
Author: Rangaswamy L C & Ramananda M S

ABSTRACT
The Panchayat Raj system in India represents a landmark in democratic decentralization,
aimed at empowering rural communities and ensuring participatory development. Karnataka,
known for its progressive governance reforms, has been a pioneering state in implementing
the Panchayat Raj system since the 1980s. This study examines the economic role and
performance of Panchayat Raj Institutions (PRIs) in promoting rural development in
Karnataka, with special reference to Mandya district. Using both primary and secondary data,
the research analyzes the impact of PRIs on economic growth, infrastructure development,
and livelihood improvement. The findings reveal that PRIs have significantly contributed to
rural transformation through effective implementation of schemes like MGNREGA, PMAY,
and NRLM. However, challenges such as limited financial autonomy, political interference,
and capacity constraints persist. Strengthening fiscal devolution, capacity building, and
people’s participation is essential for realizing the full potential of grassroots democracy in
Karnataka.
Keywords: Panchayat Raj Institutions, Rural Development, Decentralization, Economic
Growth, Mandya District, Karnataka.

Paper Title:
AGRICULTURE CREDIT THROUGH CANARA BANK- A CASE STUDY ON SATHENAHALLI VILLAGE
Author Name:
P Manjula
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17722466
Page No.:
111-116
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AGRICULTURE CREDIT THROUGH CANARA BANK- A CASE STUDY ON SATHENAHALLI VILLAGE
Author: P Manjula

ABSTRACT
Agriculture remains the backbone of the Indian economy, providing livelihood to nearly twothirds of the population and contributing significantly to GDP. Given the challenges of
increasing productivity with limited land, financial support through agricultural credit has
become essential. This study focuses on the role of Canara Bank in delivering agricultural
credit in Sathenahalli village, Karnataka, and examines its impact on rural farmers.The
research highlights the necessity of credit for modern farming—covering inputs like seeds,
fertilizers, irrigation, and equipment—and the critical role of institutional credit in reducing
dependence on non-institutional sources. It also explores issues such as limited access to
credit for marginal farmers, high interest rates, and insufficient awareness. A gap in existing
literature regarding Canara Bank’s specific role in Sathenahalli prompted this case study.
Using both primary data (through questionnaires) and secondary sources (research papers,
reports, and online data), the study analyzes the socio-economic conditions of farmers and
evaluates the efficiency of credit facilities. The findings emphasize the need for improved
financial literacy, streamlined loan processes, and inclusive lending policies to strengthen
rural development and agricultural productivity.
Keywords: Agricultural credit, Rural finance, Canara Bank.

Paper Title:
MINDS IN AI MOTION: BLENDED LEARNING REIMAGINED
Author Name:
Nagaraj HV & Girish GS
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17722564
Page No.:
117-120
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MINDS IN AI MOTION: BLENDED LEARNING REIMAGINED
Author: Nagaraj HV & Girish GS

ABSTRACT:
This abstract explores the transformative potential of integrating artificial intelligence (AI)
into a reimagined blended learning framework. Traditional blended models, while offering
flexibility, often fail to fully personalize the learning journey, leaving gaps in student
engagement and achievement. This paper introduces "Minds in AI Motion" an innovative
model that leverages AI to create dynamically adaptive and personalized learning paths,
moving beyond static content delivery to a system that continuously optimizes the
educational experience for each student. The abstract will outline the methodology for
integrating AI-driven tools, such as intelligent tutoring systems, personalized content
recommendations, and real-time performance analytics, into both online and in-person
learning environments. It presents key findings illustrating how this approach improves
student motivation, accelerates competency-based progression, and provides educators with
actionable data insights. The abstract concludes by arguing that this AI-powered blended
learning model represents a significant evolution in educational pedagogy, fostering a more
engaging, effective, and equitable learning ecosystem for the future.
Key words: AI-driven tools in Education, Ed-Tech, Hybrid Learning, Learning Platforms,
Educational Data Mining, Virtual and Augmented Reality (VR/AR)

Paper Title:
THE ROLE OF THE NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY ACT IN REDUCING HUNGER AND MALNUTRITION IN INDIA
Author Name:
Nagaraju B S & Gule Arifa
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17722566
Page No.:
121-128
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THE ROLE OF THE NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY ACT IN REDUCING HUNGER AND MALNUTRITION IN INDIA
Author: Nagaraju B S & Gule Arifa

ABSTRACT
The National Food Security Act (NFSA), enacted in 2013, marked a pivotal shift in India’s
approach to food and nutritional security by legally entitling over two-thirds of the population
to subsidized food grains. This study examines the role of NFSA in reducing hunger and
malnutrition across India, with a focus on its implementation, coverage, and impact on
vulnerable populations. Despite improvements in food access, challenges persist in
addressing nutritional adequacy, systemic inefficiencies, and regional disparities. The study
uses secondary data and policy analysis to evaluate NFSA’s effectiveness and propose
actionable recommendations for enhancing its impact.

Paper Title:
EMPOWERMENT OF FEMALE WORKERS IN GARMENT INDUSTRY IN KARNATAKA
Author Name:
Nalini M. & K.S. Veerendra Kumara
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17722700
Page No.:
129-133
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EMPOWERMENT OF FEMALE WORKERS IN GARMENT INDUSTRY IN KARNATAKA
Author: Nalini M. & K.S. Veerendra Kumara

ABSTRACT
Karnataka is becoming one of the biggest garment producers in India and at the bottom of the
industry women can often be found working from their homes because of norms restricting
them what to do and where to go. Sustainable development gives an idea and direction to the
person, organization, government, and society as a whole to the development of all sectors
and leading life without compromising future needs. Hence to achieve economic growth and
sustainable development consideration and management of human resources and natural
resources are crucial. The present study tried to evaluate the opportunities in garment units
and their impact on women workers and the standard of living of the family members of
women workers. Empowerment of Female Workers in Garment Industry in Karnataka,
Against a backdrop of rapid industrialization and growing female labour-force participation,
aiming to compare levels of socio-economic, psychological dimensions of empowerment.
Findings show that Garment-sector employment often provides higher short-term income and
skill training. The paper concludes with policy and practice recommendations.
Keywords: Women workers, garment industry, empowerment.

Paper Title:
PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF UNORGANIZED WORKERS IN CONSTRUCTION SECTOR IN KARNATAKA WITH REFERENCE TO BANGALORE DISTRICT
Author Name:
Naveen Kumar S T
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17722770
Page No.:
134-140
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PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF UNORGANIZED WORKERS IN CONSTRUCTION SECTOR IN KARNATAKA WITH REFERENCE TO BANGALORE DISTRICT
Author: Naveen Kumar S T

ABSTRACT
One of the biggest sources of unorganized laborers include the construction industry in India,
especially in fast urbanizing cities like Bangalore. Though their role is extremely essential in
infrastructural growth, the workers are still plagued with low wages, no job security, poor
working environment, and poor access to medical and social facilities. This paper explores
the issues and opportunities of unskilled construction workers in Bangalore district in a bid to
determine the socio-economic challenges faced by the population, as well as the potential of
enhancing their situation through training, skill acquisition, and institutional intervention.
Two hundred workers were given a structured questionnaire, and the data were analyzed
through descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, and multiple regression models. The results
indicate that low wages, workplace risks, and lack of social insurance have a major impact on
the welfare of the workers, whereas training opportunities and skill development have a
positive impact on the future of these employees. The research also gives information on
demographic traits, financial awareness and household choices of employees. The findings
underscore the need to take immediate policy action, enhance welfare policies and specific
skill development programs to motivate the unregistered construction workers. This study is a
contribution to the literature in labor economics, and it provides some implications to policy
makers, NGOs and planners of urban development.
Keywords: Unorganized construction workers, Wages and job security, Occupational health
and safety, Skill development and training, Labor economics in India

Paper Title:
DIGITAL LITERACY IN INDIA: AN OVERVIEW
Author Name:
Prabhavathi M.C
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17722847
Page No.:
141-144
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DIGITAL LITERACY IN INDIA: AN OVERVIEW
Author: Prabhavathi M.C

ABSTRACT
This era is marked by huge innovation in every field and revolution in education is not
exception. Technology has become integral part of every human‟s life. So, in this paper an
attempt has been made to know the meaning and initiatives of digital literacy and the
challenges and issues facing and what government actions should be in near future to make
digital literacy a success in India.
Keywords: digital literacy, innovation, technology etc.

Paper Title:
ANALYSIS OF BIOFERTILIZERS FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IN INDIA
Author Name:
Nethravathi. K
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17722879
Page No.:
145-151
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ANALYSIS OF BIOFERTILIZERS FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IN INDIA
Author: Nethravathi. K

ABSTRACT:
The cornerstone of the Indian economy is farming, which is the most popular occupation in
the nation. Fertilizers are crucial for agricultural production and healthy crop growth.
Recently, farmers have been using chemical fertilizers to speed up the entire procedure and
enhance yield. However, these fertilizers threaten the survival of people and animals as well
as habitats, soil, and plants. However, in addition to having a larger yield, natural
Biofertilizer [BF] are also safe for human consumption. As sustainable agriculture gains
momentum, BFs are emerging as a promising substitute for hazardous chemical fertilizers.
Both crop productivity and maintaining long-term soil fertility depend on BFs. In order to
meet the world's food demand, BFs are essential for crop development and the preservation
of soil fertility over the long term. Microbes and crop plants might communicate to enhance
the plants' growth, development, and immunity. Nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, zinc, and
silica serve as vital elements for plant growth. However, these nutrients are naturally
insoluble or complicated. Some bacteria make them soluble and available to plants. This
review addresses the potential of microorganisms, their mechanism of action, and their
effects on crops. BFs are a wonderful alternative to expensive and hazardous chemical
fertilizers since they are economical, non-toxic, and beneficial to the environment. This
review's insights can aid in our comprehension of the importance and processes of microbial
development as BFs for agriculture's sustainable crop production.
Key words: Biofertilizers, microbes, sustainable, solubilizers, environment.

Paper Title:
LONG-RUN RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GDP AND CONSUMPTION BEHAVIOUR IN INDIA: CO-INTEGRATION ANALYSIS
Author Name:
Prakasha
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17722932
Page No.:
152-156
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LONG-RUN RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GDP AND CONSUMPTION BEHAVIOUR IN INDIA: CO-INTEGRATION ANALYSIS
Author: Prakasha

ABSTRACT
India is one of the growing economies of the world. In terms of Gross Domestic Product
(GDP) India is in 5th position in the world. It has been found from the Keynesian
consumption theory that there is positive relationship between income and consumption.
Hence, the present paper examines the long-run relationship GDP with PFCE and GFCE. The
present study used secondary time series data with co-integration and Vector Error Correction
Models. It has been found from the study that The GFCE, PFCE and GDP are stationary with
second difference. GDP is co-integrating with PFCE. PFCE is also co-integrating with GDP.
Hence, GDP and PFCE in India are having long-run equilibrium and stable relationship. GDP
corrects the errors within GDP by 69.12 percent and 21.9 percent with PFCE in the second
year. PFCE corrects the errors within PECF by 7.41 percent and 19.68 percent with GDP in
the first year. GDP and GFCE in India will go together. Hence, GDP is co-integrating with
GFCE. GFCE is also co-integrating with GDP. Accordingly, GDP and GFCE in India are
having long-run equilibrium and stable relationship. GDP does correct 7.12 percent of the
errors in equilibrium within the GDP in the second period. GFGC does correct 289.4 percent
of the errors in equilibrium with the GDP in the second period. Therefore, income generation
process and consumption processes are having strong and long-run relationship. Accordingly,
there is a need to improve the consumption behavior of the people to have stronger economic
process. KEYWORDS: Income, Consumption Expenditure, Co-integration, Error Correction,
Long-Run Relationship and Stationarity

Paper Title:
PROBLEMS OF WOMEN FARMERS IN AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES
Author Name:
Premakumari L
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17722992
Page No.:
157-164
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PROBLEMS OF WOMEN FARMERS IN AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES
Author: Premakumari L

ABSTRACT
The role of women in agricultural production is largely determined by the lifecycle of the
household, location of household fields and other tasks that women undertake during the
agricultural year. Their traditional role as primary seed-keepers and seed-processors is well
known in our society. They have conventionally been both experts and producers of food
from seed to kitchen, and as globalization shifts agriculture into capital-intensive mode,
women bear the disproportionate costs of both displacement and health hazards. They carry
the heavier work burden in food production and, because of gender discrimination, get lower
returns for their work. Women play an important role in all dimensions of agricultural
production – in certain regions, today’s women time input equals men's, while in other
regions traditions restrict their work to the household where they are involved in crop
processing and are in charge of household maintenance. The current study was carried out to
find the Problems of women farmers in Agricultural activities-reference to H.D.Kote taluk of
Mysore region.
Keywords: Health Issue, Agriculture, Women farmers, pesticides

Paper Title:
ROLE OF KVG BANK AND KG BANK IN AGRICULTURAL CREDIT IN KARNATAKA: A REVIEW
Author Name:
Priyadarshini & Harisha N
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17723267
Page No.:
165-173
View PDF Certificate
ROLE OF KVG BANK AND KG BANK IN AGRICULTURAL CREDIT IN KARNATAKA: A REVIEW
Author: Priyadarshini & Harisha N

ABSTRACT
Karnataka Vikas Grameena Bank (KVGB) and Karnataka Gramin Bank (KGB), are the two
major Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) in Karnataka that play a vital role in promoting rural
credit and agricultural development. This paper is made an attempt to explore the major
objectives like to examine the growth and structure of RRBs in Karnataka and to analyse the
trends in agricultural credit disbursement by RRBs over the period and identify the
challenges and constraints faced by RRBs. This paper is based on the information collected
through available secondary sources and literature reviews. The proposed study mainly in
descriptive in nature. Both banks KVGB and KGB have maintained a strong rural orientation,
fulfilling their core role in promoting rural banking and agricultural credit with large number
of branches. Karnataka Vikas Grameen Bank’s total advances rose from ₹10,933.93 crore in
2018–19 to ₹17,571.46 crore in 2024–25, reflecting a consistent upward trend in lending
operations. This shows the bank’s expanding outreach and improved credit delivery capacity
over the years. The total advances of Karnataka Garmin Bank has increased steadily from
₹21,264.77 crore in 2019–20 to ₹29,235.32 crore in 2023–24 an overall growth of about
37.5% over five years. Agricultural advances rose from ₹15,849.84 crore to ₹23,363.66 crore
a growth of around 47.4% during the same period. To enhance the effectiveness of Regional
Rural Banks (RRBs) in supporting rural development, several strategic measures are
essential. Strengthening the management of non-performing assets (NPAs), particularly in the
agriculture sector, is critical, this requires robust credit appraisal, close monitoring, and
efficient recovery mechanisms.
Key Words: Regional Rural Banks, Rural Credit Flow, Financial Inclusion, Non-Performing
Assets.

Paper Title:
INSTITUTIONAL AGRICULTURAL CREDIT IN KARNATAKA: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF MANDYA DISTRICT
Author Name:
Rajesha. B & Harisha N
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17723329
Page No.:
174-181
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INSTITUTIONAL AGRICULTURAL CREDIT IN KARNATAKA: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF MANDYA DISTRICT
Author: Rajesha. B & Harisha N

ABSTRACT:
Institutional agricultural credit plays a pivotal role in enabling farmers to access financial
resources for inputs, irrigation, mechanization, and post-harvest management. In Karnataka,
agricultural credit has grown significantly, with the state consistently exceeding its planned
disbursement targets under the Agricultural Credit Plan. However, disparities persist in the
flow and accessibility of credit across districts and farmer categories. This study focuses on
Mandya District, known as the ―Sugar Bowl of Karnataka,‖ to examine the distribution of
institutional agricultural credit across cooperative banks, commercial banks, and Regional
Rural Banks. Using secondary data from the Reserve Bank of India, NABARD, and districtlevel credit plans, the study analyzes agency-wise and taluk-wise credit allocation,
highlighting the dominance of public and cooperative banks, inter-taluk variations, and
challenges faced by small and marginal farmers. The findings indicate a concentration of
credit on irrigated, high-value crops and underline the need for more inclusive, equitable, and
development-oriented financial interventions. Policy recommendations include strengthening
the role of RRBs and cooperatives, promoting crop diversification, enhancing financial
literacy, and implementing innovative credit products to ensure sustainable agricultural
growth.
Keywords: Institutional Agricultural Credit, Innovative Credit Products, Credit Distribution,
Financial Literacy, Agricultural Policy.

Paper Title:
THE ROLE OF EDUCATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE IN ACHIEVING INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN INDIA
Author Name:
Ramana Reddy N
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17731790
Page No.:
182-188
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THE ROLE OF EDUCATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE IN ACHIEVING INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN INDIA
Author: Ramana Reddy N

ABSTRACT
This study explores the critical role of educational infrastructure in advancing inclusive
education in India, emphasizing how physical facilities, digital access, and support services
shape equitable learning environments. Drawing on national policies such as the Right to
Education Act (2009), Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan, and the National Education Policy (2020),
it examines how infrastructure influences enrolment, retention, and academic outcomes
particularly for marginalized groups including girls, children with disabilities, and
economically disadvantaged students. Using district-level data from UDISE+ and field
insights from India’s rural regions, the study highlights persistent gaps in infrastructure
provisioning and their impact on educational equity. It concludes with policy
recommendations to strengthen infrastructure planning, increase public investment, and
promote community participation to realize the vision of inclusive education across India.
Key Words: Education, Infrastructure, Inclusive Education, Community, Karnataka

Paper Title:
TECHNOLOGY AS A CATALYST: ADDRESSING INEQUALITY AND ENHANCING QUALITY IN INDIAN HIGHER EDUCATION
Author Name:
Ramesha.M.C
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17732023
Page No.:
189-198
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TECHNOLOGY AS A CATALYST: ADDRESSING INEQUALITY AND ENHANCING QUALITY IN INDIAN HIGHER EDUCATION
Author: Ramesha.M.C

ABSTRACT
Higher education in India is at a critical juncture, with technology emerging as a
transformative force in addressing long-standing challenges related to access, equity, and
quality. This paper examines both the opportunities and obstacles associated with integrating
technology into India's higher education system. It highlights key national initiatives
designed to broaden educational access, promote inclusivity among diverse learner groups,
and enhance the overall quality of academic experiences through the use of Information and
Communication Technology (ICT). Despite these advancements, several barriers such as the
digital divide, inadequate infrastructure, and difficulties in pedagogical integration continue
to impede progress. To fully realize the potential of technology in higher education, a
collaborative effort involving policymakers, educators, and stakeholders is essential. Such
cooperation is crucial to ensure that technology-driven interventions are inclusive, effective,
and sustainable in promoting equitable, high-quality higher education across the country.
Keywords: Higher Education, Technology, Access, Equity, Quality, Digital Divide, India

Paper Title:
WOMEN’S ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION IN INDIA: ROLES, CHALLENGES, AND PATHWAYS FOR INCLUSIVE GROWTH
Author Name:
Ranganath G.
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17732114
Page No.:
199-205
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WOMEN’S ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION IN INDIA: ROLES, CHALLENGES, AND PATHWAYS FOR INCLUSIVE GROWTH
Author: Ranganath G.

ABSTRACT
Women play a multifaceted and often underrecognized role in India’s economy—through
formal and informal work, entrepreneurship, unpaid domestic labor, and social enterprises.
Yet their full potential remains constrained by structural, cultural, institutional, and policy
barriers. This paper reviews literature on women’s economic participation in India, presents
three illuminating case studies, and discusses the importance, challenges, and solutions
related to enhancing women’s contribution. The analysis highlights that empowering women
more fully can yield significant gains in output, poverty reduction, and social equity. The
article concludes with policy recommendations and future research directions.
Keywords: Women’s economic participation, India, informal sector, entrepreneurship,
unpaid care work, gender gaps, empowerment, structural barriers

Paper Title:
DEMOCRATIZING OPPORTUNITY: THE ROLE OF DIGITAL AND OPEN EDUCATION IN ECONOMIC INCLUSION
Author Name:
Sanjeeva Murthy.H & Suresha.M
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17731960
Page No.:
206-211
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DEMOCRATIZING OPPORTUNITY: THE ROLE OF DIGITAL AND OPEN EDUCATION IN ECONOMIC INCLUSION
Author: Sanjeeva Murthy.H & Suresha.M

ABSTRACT
In an increasingly interconnected and digital world, education remains a cornerstone of
economic participation and social equity. However, access to quality education continues to
be uneven, perpetuating cycles of poverty and exclusion. This research explores how digital
and open education platforms are democratizing opportunity by making learning more
accessible, flexible, and inclusive. Drawing on established theories, literature reviews, and
real-world case studies, the study examines how technology is reshaping the educational
landscape to promote economic inclusion. Despite persistent challenges-such as technological
barriers, limited digital literacy, and concerns around content relevance and accreditationemerging solutions offer a promising path forward. The paper concludes by highlighting key
policy and implementation strategies that can amplify the role of open and digital education
in levelling the socioeconomic playing field.
Keywords : Economic inclusion, Digital education, Open learning, Educational equity,
MOOCs, Technological access, Inclusive pedagogy, Ed-Tech, Digital literacy , Opportunity
gap.

Paper Title:
INTEGRATING THE SDGS INTO ECONOMIC POLICIES AND PRACTICES IN INDIA
Author Name:
Sathyanarayana & Ravishankar P
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17732198
Page No.:
212-219
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INTEGRATING THE SDGS INTO ECONOMIC POLICIES AND PRACTICES IN INDIA
Author: Sathyanarayana & Ravishankar P

ABSTRACT
India integrates the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into its economic policies and
practices through national strategies, government schemes, and the SDG India Index. The
present paper explained the SDGs, their key focus areas, and the need for integrating them
into economic policies. Furthermore, it examined India’s policies and practices for achieving
the SDGs. The study found that the Government of India, along with State Governments, has
made substantial efforts at both micro and macro levels to achieve the SDGs. It also found
that India has demonstrated positive trends in progress toward these goals, although
challenges remain.
Keywords: Sustainable Development Goals, Economic Policy, India, NITI Aayog, Policy
Integration.

Paper Title:
AN EVALUATION OF THE PROGRESS AND PERFORMANCE OF MGNREGA IN KARNATAKA
Author Name:
T.P. Shashi Kumar
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17732263
Page No.:
220-226
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AN EVALUATION OF THE PROGRESS AND PERFORMANCE OF MGNREGA IN KARNATAKA
Author: T.P. Shashi Kumar

ABSTRACT
The present study analyzes the financial and operational performance of the Mahatma Gandhi
National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) in Karnataka from 2014–15 to
2023–24. Using comprehensive data on fund allocation, employment demand and provision,
job card issuance, project implementation, and payment efficiency, the paper highlights key
trends and patterns in the scheme’s execution over the decade. The analysis of fund flow
from 2019–20 to 2023–24 reveals fluctuations in total central releases, availability, and
expenditures, with a peak observed in 2023–24. Utilization percentages steadily improved,
reaching a high of 98.53% in the same year. The allocation between wages, materials, and
administrative expenses remained relatively balanced, and the average daily cost per person
and promptness of payments both showed positive trends. Additionally, job card issuance
among Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), and other communities demonstrated
consistent growth, reflecting the state's inclusive approach. Employment trends indicate both
under- and over-achievement in meeting household work demands across years, underscoring
the dynamic nature of rural employment needs. The study observed a significant increase in
completed and ongoing works, peaking in 2022–23, affirming the growing scale of
MGNREGA activities in the state.
Key Words: Employment, Programme, Job Cards, Household, Poverty, Expenditure

Paper Title:
BRIDGING THE DIGITAL DIVIDE: CHALLENGES, STRATEGIES, AND OPPORTUNITIES
Author Name:
Sowmya S Murthy
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17732293
Page No.:
227-230
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BRIDGING THE DIGITAL DIVIDE: CHALLENGES, STRATEGIES, AND OPPORTUNITIES
Author: Sowmya S Murthy

ABSTRACT
This paper examines the persistent challenge of the digital divide, referring to the unequal
access, use, and impact of digital technologies across different populations worldwide. It
explores the multidimensional nature of this divide, including disparities in infrastructure,
digital literacy, and meaningful technology use shaped by socioeconomic, geographic, and
demographic factors. The study reviews existing policies and intervention strategies aimed at
narrowing the gap, highlighting successes and ongoing barriers. By analyzing case studies
and current research, the paper proposes a comprehensive framework for digital inclusion
rooted in equitable access, skills development, and participatory engagement. The insights
offered aspire to guide policymakers, educators, and stakeholders toward sustainable,
inclusive digital ecosystems that empower marginalized communities and foster social and
economic equity in an increasingly digital world.
Keywords: Digital Divide, Digital Literacy, Digital Inclusion, ICT Access, Policy
Interventions

Paper Title:
BEHAVIOURAL ECONOMICS IN CONSUMER SUSTAINABILITY CHOICES
Author Name:
Suma S
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17732325
Page No.:
231-243
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BEHAVIOURAL ECONOMICS IN CONSUMER SUSTAINABILITY CHOICES
Author: Suma S

ABSTRACT
This research examines the efficacy of eco-nudging as a behavioral approach to promote
sustainable consumer choices, taking into account ethical aspects, its applicability across
various cultural settings, and its socio-economic effects. This research study utilizes a
conceptual framework that integrates behavioral economics, ethical frameworks, and policy
integration methods to assess the long-term sustainability of eco-nudging. Findings suggest
that eco-nudging is an affordable, scalable approach that is effective, but primarily when
consumers possess a degree of freedom, the intervention aligns with cultural norms, and the
intervention is financially attainable. Personalization driven by AI and policy integration
enhances its scope, yet issues surrounding data privacy, transparency, and the potential for
allocation continue to raise concerns. Consequently, this research contributes to the
theoretical development of eco-nudging, including its ethical considerations and cultural
dimensions, while also providing practical recommendations for businesses, policymakers,
and economists who support sustainability. Eco-nudging, consequently, can serve as a
groundbreaking approach to influence long-lasting sustainable consumption behaviors,
provided it promotes ethical transparency and is applied adaptively.
Keywords: Eco-Nudge, Digital and Physical Nudging, Ethical Considerations, Policy
Integration, Sustainable Consumer Behaviour,

Paper Title:
A STUDY ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF SOLAR PARKS ON FARMERS
Author Name:
Sumadevi & Gule Ariffa
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17732361
Page No.:
244-248
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A STUDY ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF SOLAR PARKS ON FARMERS
Author: Sumadevi & Gule Ariffa

ABSTRACT
The increasing emphasis on renewable energy in India has led to the development of largescale solar parks, often established on agricultural land. While these projects contribute to
national energy goals and climate commitments, their socio-economic implications on the
local farming communities remain under-explored. This study investigates the socioeconomic impact of solar parks on farmers by examining changes in income patterns,
employment opportunities, land use, migration trends, and community development. Using
both qualitative and quantitative research methods, the study incorporates case studies from
solar parks in Rajasthan, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka. Findings reveal a complex
mix of positive and negative outcomes. While some farmers benefit from land leasing and
new job opportunities, others face displacement, reduced agricultural activity, and sociocultural disruption. The paper concludes with policy suggestions to ensure that solar
expansion promotes inclusive and sustainable rural development.
Keywords : Solar Energy, Solar Parks, Farmers, Land Use, Rural Economy, Socio-Economic
Impact, Renewable Energy Policy, Sustainable Development

Paper Title:
E-VEHICLES: PIONEERING INNOVATION AND SUSTAINABLE EDUCATION FOR A GREEN FUTURE
Author Name:
Vani Y. D. & Vilas M. Kadrolkar
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17732406
Page No.:
249-256
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E-VEHICLES: PIONEERING INNOVATION AND SUSTAINABLE EDUCATION FOR A GREEN FUTURE
Author: Vani Y. D. & Vilas M. Kadrolkar

ABSTRACT:
India‘s vision of Viksit Bharat 2047 places education, sustainability, and innovation at the
core of its development agenda. Electric Vehicles (EVs), though primarily recognized as a
solution to decarbonize mobility, hold transformative potential beyond transportation. They
can redefine educational access, create new learning ecosystems, and catalyze skill
development for the youth. This paper explores how EVs can serve as enablers of sustainable
education and innovation within India‘s broader socio-economic framework. Using primary
survey data collected from 200 respondents in Karnataka—including students, teachers, and
EV users—combined with secondary sources such as NITI Aayog reports, International
Energy Agency (IEA) data, and World Bank publications, the study highlights the role of
EVs in reducing student mobility costs, building green campuses, and fostering technical skill
development. Findings indicate that EV adoption in educational ecosystems not only supports
climate goals but also promotes inclusion, affordability, and innovation. Policy suggestions
include integrating EV fleets in schools and colleges, incentivizing EV charging hubs in rural
institutions, and embedding EV-related skill development into the National Education Policy
(NEP 2020). The paper concludes that EVs, when coupled with education reforms, can act as
catalysts for building a knowledge-driven, sustainable, and empowered Viksit Bharat.
Key Words: Sustainability, Catalyze, Decarbonize, Affordability, Incentivizing, innovation.

Paper Title:
ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT THROUGH BUSINESS PROCESS OUTSOURCING: A STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK FOR EDU VISION 2035
Author Name:
Veena G S & K. Shivachithappa
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17732468
Page No.:
257-265
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ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT THROUGH BUSINESS PROCESS OUTSOURCING: A STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK FOR EDU VISION 2035
Author: Veena G S & K. Shivachithappa

ABSTRACT:
Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) has emerged as a powerful driver of economic growth,
employment generation, and skill development in the 21st century. This paper explores the
transformative potential of BPO as a tool for economic empowerment, particularly in
preparing a future-ready workforce aligned with the goals of Edu Vision 2035. Using a
mixed-method approach, the study examines the role of BPO in enhancing employability,
bridging the skills gap, and creating inclusive opportunities for marginalized communities. It
highlights how BPO integrates education, technology, and entrepreneurship to promote
sustainable livelihoods and economic participation, especially for women and youth. The
paper also identifies policy interventions, training models, and industry–academia
collaborations that can strengthen human capital and foster equitable economic growth. The
paper concludes with a strategic framework to leverage BPO for inclusive development by
2035.
Keywords: Business Process Outsourcing (BPO); Economic Empowerment; Skill
Development; Workforce Transformation; Inclusive Growth; Edu Vision 2035; Human
Capital Development

Paper Title:
INSTITUTIONAL AND NON-INSTITUTIONAL CREDIT IN RURAL KARNATAKA: AN OVERVIEW
Author Name:
Madegowda. M
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17732532
Page No.:
266-271
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INSTITUTIONAL AND NON-INSTITUTIONAL CREDIT IN RURAL KARNATAKA: AN OVERVIEW
Author: Madegowda. M

ABSTRACT
A key factor in the expansion of agriculture and the enhancement of rural livelihoods is rural
credit. The credit system in Karnataka serves various segments of the farming community
through both institutional and non-institutional sources. In order to investigate the
composition, patterns, and function of these credit sources in rural Karnataka, this study
offers a descriptive analysis based on secondary data. The results show that commercial
banks, cooperatives, and regional rural banks have been the main drivers of the significant
expansion in institutional credit in recent years. However, because of their easier access and
flexible repayment terms, non-institutional lenders like traders and moneylenders still assist
small and marginal farmers. The study emphasizes the necessity of improving credit literacy,
bolstering financial inclusion, and boosting institutional mechanisms' effectiveness for
sustainable rural financial development.
Keywords: Rural credit, Institutional finance, Non-institutional sources, financial inclusion.

Paper Title:
AI IN HIGHER EDUCATION: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IMPLICATIONS
Author Name:
Venkatesha J.N
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17732600
Page No.:
272-276
View PDF Certificate
AI IN HIGHER EDUCATION: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IMPLICATIONS
Author: Venkatesha J.N

ABSTRACT
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the landscape of higher education by
providing personalized learning experiences, automating administrative tasks, and enhancing
academic research. AI-driven tools such as adaptive learning platforms, automated
assessment systems, and virtual assistants are significantly improving educational efficiency.
However, AI integration in higher education also raises ethical, legal, and intellectual
property challenges. This paper explores the impact of AI in higher education, the
opportunities it presents, the associated risks, and the policies required for responsible AI
implementation. It also discusses the role of AI in academic research, its governance, and its
implications for plagiarism and intellectual property rights. This research utilizes secondary
data from reports, academic studies, and global policy documents to provide an evidencebased analysis.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Higher Education, Intellectual Property, AI Ethics, AI
Governance

Paper Title:
LEADERSHIP CHALLENGES IN HIGHER EDUCATION: PREPARING FOR 2035 THROUGH A QUALITY-CENTRED PERSPECTIVE
Author Name:
Venkatesha T.K
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17732640
Page No.:
277-284
View PDF Certificate
LEADERSHIP CHALLENGES IN HIGHER EDUCATION: PREPARING FOR 2035 THROUGH A QUALITY-CENTRED PERSPECTIVE
Author: Venkatesha T.K

ABSTRACT:
The global higher education sector is experiencing unprecedented transformation driven by
digital innovation, demographic shifts, geopolitical uncertainty, and increasing demands for
accountability and relevance. These pressures are expected to intensify by 2035,
fundamentally altering how institutions define and sustain educational quality. This study
examines the emerging leadership challenges facing higher education institutions (HEIs) in
the context of preparing for 2035, with a particular focus on quality assurance across
academic, administrative, and strategic domains.
Adopting a qualitative exploratory approach, the research integrates scenario planning and
expert interviews with higher education leaders, policymakers, and quality assurance
professionals across diverse global regions. The study identifies key trends—including
artificial intelligence integration, the rise of micro-credentials, climate responsiveness, and
inclusive governance—that are reshaping institutional quality expectations. It further
highlights the limitations of traditional leadership and accreditation models in responding to
these future-oriented demands.
The research contributes to the growing discourse on higher education reform by bridging the
gap between leadership theory and quality assurance practice. It offers actionable insights for
leadership development, policy innovation, and institutional capacity building to navigate the
complex futures of higher education.
Keywords:
Higher Education Leadership; Quality Assurance; Transformational Leadership; Strategic
Foresight; 2035; Educational Innovation; Institutional Change; Accreditation; Global Trends

Paper Title:
ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF PLANTATION CROPS IN KARNATAKA: A SECTORAL ANALYSIS
Author Name:
Vishnu K S & Neelakanta N T
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17732670
Page No.:
285-291
View PDF Certificate
ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF PLANTATION CROPS IN KARNATAKA: A SECTORAL ANALYSIS
Author: Vishnu K S & Neelakanta N T

ABSTRACT
The study examines the trends, productivity, and profitability of major plantation crops such
as coffee, arecanut, coconut, rubber, and cashew in Karnataka. Plantation crops, being
perennial and capital-intensive, play a crucial role in enhancing rural incomes and export
earnings, particularly in the Malnad and coastal regions. Using secondary data from
government sources, the study evaluates cost–return structures, growth patterns, and regional
disparities across plantation zones. Findings reveal that while area under plantation crops has
gradually increased, yield growth remains inconsistent due to fluctuating input costs, climate
risks, and price volatility. Crops like coffee offer high returns but face greater market
uncertainties, while arecanut and coconut provide more stable, though moderate, incomes.
The analysis highlights infrastructural limitations, inadequate processing facilities, and the
absence of price stabilization mechanisms as key constraints. To improve sectoral
performance, the study recommends integrated farming systems, value addition at the local
level, improved access to institutional credit, and promotion of sustainable and diversified
plantation models. Strengthening Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs), enhancing market
linkages, and incentivizing organic and GI-certified produce are essential to achieve
economic resilience. Overall, the research emphasizes the need for region-specific policy
frameworks that align with Karnataka’s agro-climatic diversity, thereby ensuring sustainable
growth and competitiveness in the plantation sector.
Keywords: Plantation crops, Economic performance, Crop diversification, Agricultural
sustainability, Horticulture.

Paper Title:
VISION EDUCATION : PERSONALISED LEARNING AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
Author Name:
Yogesh A H
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17732726
Page No.:
292-295
View PDF Certificate
VISION EDUCATION : PERSONALISED LEARNING AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
Author: Yogesh A H

ABSTRACT:
Personalized learning is an instruction to optimize learning according to the needs of each
learner. In 2005, Dan Buckley defined two ends of the personalized learning spectrum:
"personalization for the learner", and "personalization by the learner". it is a learner centric,
and it has diverse range of approaches to teaching individual learning needs. individual
unique learning experience to each learner, qualitative education and human capital
resources are the its main aims. Adaptive technology, project-based learning
(PBL),competency-based education are the some methods of personalized learning.
Adaptive Learning is a technology-led approach which aims to personalise the learning
according to the student's factors. According to researcher Eduard Pogorskiy, ICT can be a
powerful tool for personalized learning as it allows learners access to research and
information, and provides a mechanism for communication. It helps in the development of
human capital, productivity, creativity, poverty reduction, encourages entrepreneurship,
technological advancements, women empowerment, social development, health awareness,
and other areas where economic development can be boosted. Limitations of personalized
learning are ‘High costs,’ ‘ potential for increased inequality, increased teacher workload,
privacy concerns from data collection, leading to student isolation, it will not be successful if
there is lack of basic knowledge, and potential for a lack of social interaction and
collaboration, lack of facilities etc.

Paper Title:
HIGHER EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABILITY: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE
Author Name:
Annappa Naik
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18066147
Page No.:
296-305
View PDF Certificate
HIGHER EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABILITY: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE
Author: Annappa Naik

ABSTRACT
The world is a family, and we are the occupants of every room in the house, with this education offering us the knowledge branches essential for humanity. The world is becoming increasingly interconnected, making it essential for educators to equip students to graspglobal viewpoints and interact with individuals from various nations and cultures. This involves learning about challenges and issues that transcend national borders and
understanding the interrelation of social structures—cultural, ecological, economic, political, and technical.

Keywords: Vision, Global, Education, Sustainable, Development.

Paper Title:
INTERSECTIONS OF ETHICAL VALUES AND EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES: A STUDY ON STUDENT CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT IN MYSORE CITY
Author Name:
Divya B.S
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18066174
Page No.:
306-312
View PDF Certificate
INTERSECTIONS OF ETHICAL VALUES AND EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES: A STUDY ON STUDENT CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT IN MYSORE CITY
Author: Divya B.S

ABSTRACT
This study examines the relationship between ethical education and student development in Mysore City, emphasizing how ethics education affects academic performance, behavioral patterns, and character formation. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from 60 students through interviews and structured questionnaires. The quantitative component
analyzed engagement with ethical education programs, academic performance, and disciplinary records, while qualitative interviews explored moral decision-making and peer relationships. Findings reveal that students regularly engaged in ethics education demonstrate improved academic performance, stronger interpersonal relationships, enhanced critical thinking skills, and increased social responsibility. Ethics-based curricula contribute to better classroom behavior, higher academic motivation, and improved conflict resolution abilities. This empirical study advances understanding of the practical impact of ethics education in Indian educational contexts, demonstrating its role as a foundational element for comprehensive student development. The results have significant implications for educational
policy, highlighting the need for integrated approaches that incorporate ethical training alongside academic instruction.

Keywords: Ethics Education, Character Development, Student Empowerment, Moral Reasoning, Academic Performance, Educational Outcomes, Mysore City, Value-Based Education, Behavioral Development, Indian Education System.

Paper Title:
IMPACT OF DIGITAL PAYMENT SYSTEMS ON TRADERS AND CUSTOMERS IN KARNATAKA
Author Name:
Girisha B N & Ramananda M S
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18066191
Page No.:
313-318
View PDF Certificate
IMPACT OF DIGITAL PAYMENT SYSTEMS ON TRADERS AND CUSTOMERS IN KARNATAKA
Author: Girisha B N & Ramananda M S

ABSTRACT
The rapid proliferation of digital payment systems has fundamentally transformed India’s financial and commercial ecosystem. Karnataka, as one of the most technologically advanced states, has witnessed accelerated adoption of digital payments among traders and customers alike. This study critically examines the impact of digital payment systems—particularly
UPI, mobile wallets, debit/credit cards, and internet banking—on business performance, customer behaviour, financial inclusion, and transaction efficiency in Karnataka. Using a mixed research methodology based on primary survey data collected from traders and customers across selected districts, and supported by secondary data from the RBI, NPCI, World Bank, NITI Aayog, and recent academic studies (2023–2025), the study finds that
digital payments have significantly improved sales turnover, operational efficiency, transparency, and customer satisfaction. However, persistent challenges such as cyber
security risks, digital illiteracy, rural connectivity gaps, and behavioural resistance among
elderly users continue to hinder universal adoption. The study concludes that digital
payments serve as a powerful catalyst for inclusive economic growth in Karnataka, provided
infrastructure expansion, cyber security safeguards, and digital literacy initiatives are
strengthened.
Keywords: Digital Payments, UPI, Traders, Customers, Financial Inclusion, Cashless
Economy, Karnataka.

Paper Title:
SKILL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES IN INDIA: A CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING
Author Name:
Gule Ariffa
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18066239
Page No.:
319-324
View PDF Certificate
SKILL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES IN INDIA: A CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING
Author: Gule Ariffa

ABSTRACT
India is one of the youngest countries in the world, our biggest demographic dividend is social and economic asset, with more than 54 per cent of our population youngest than 25 years in age, to entirely comprehend the potential of our youth is vital to furnish them with skills by providing good quality of education, affordable, flexible, and appropriate to the desires of the Indian and worldwide job market. The second largest workforce of the country
occupied in the world after China. While China’s demographic dividend is expected to start narrowing off by 2015, but India will continue to enjoy it till 2040. The economic survey 2014-15, reveals that India’s formally skilled workforce is only 2 per cent which is very low as compared to other countries like China 47 per cent, Japan 80 per cent and South Korea 96 per cent. To strengthen our demographic dividend more substantially and meaningfully, the Government launched the “Skill India” campaign along with “Make in India,” Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gramin Kaushal Yojana, for the skill development of growing youth population of the country

Keywords: India, Skill development, Revolution, Skill India, Employment, skill
development programs, , Training, Initiatives. Methodology The secondary data collected from the Reports of the skill India ministry. Reports of Government of India. Skill India website and books, journal, various websites.

Paper Title:
CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING OF DIGITAL LITERACY: IN INDIA
Author Name:
Latha T
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18066263
Page No.:
325-331
View PDF Certificate
CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING OF DIGITAL LITERACY: IN INDIA
Author: Latha T

ABSTRACT
During the 21st century developing nations underwent major changes in their social and economic structures as digital technology transformed into fundamental systems for governance administration, educational establishments and financial programs. The digital arrival of India faces significant literacy gaps even though the government implements largescale programs for digitization. A study will then track the digital literacy revolution in India through the evaluation of government plans keeping in mind infrastructure development along with corporate collaborations for universal digital empowerment.

Keywords: India, Digital Literacy, E-Governance, Computer, Digital Technology, Digital financial inclusion

Paper Title:
ROLE OF DIGITAL TOOLS FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE – OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES
Author Name:
Purushothama Bhat N
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18066505
Page No.:
332-339
View PDF Certificate
ROLE OF DIGITAL TOOLS FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE – OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES
Author: Purushothama Bhat N

ABSTRACT
Agriculture is a dominant occupation in India where, the vast majority of people make their living from farming. However, low production, restricted market access, inadequate infrastructure, and climate change susceptibility are just a few of the many issues that traditional agricultural methods frequently confront. This research investigates how digitalisation of agriculture is propelling the conversion of rural regions into smart villages by
utilising secondary data from scholarly publications, official documents, and international development agencies. Evidence that digital technologies including data analytics, mobile advisory services, and precision farming boost agricultural productivity, raise incomes, and upport rural socioeconomic development is compiled in this study. According to the
findings, digital agriculture has a lot of potential to promote equitable and sustainable rural growth, but its widespread adoption is constrained by issues including low digital literacy,
weak digital infrastructure, and sociocultural hurdles.The report emphasises that to fully
realise the potential of digital agriculture, integrated regulatory frameworks, investments in
rural digital infrastructure, and capacity building are required. By overcoming these
obstacles, digital agriculture can be a key component of the larger smart village project,
fostering sustainability, resilience, and an enhanced standard of living in rural areas.
Keywords: Smart Villages, Digital Agriculture, Rural Areas, Information and
Communication Technology, SWOC Analysis.

Paper Title:
THE ROLE OF PANCHAYATS IN ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN RURAL KARNATAKA: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
Author Name:
Ramananda M S
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18066592
Page No.:
340-346
View PDF Certificate
THE ROLE OF PANCHAYATS IN ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN RURAL KARNATAKA: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
Author: Ramananda M S

ABSTRACT
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), adopted by the United Nations in 2015, provide a comprehensive global framework for achieving inclusive, equitable, and environmentally sustainable development by 2030. In India, the realisation of SDGs is fundamentally dependent on the strength of grassroots institutions, particularly the Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs). Karnataka, as a pioneer in democratic decentralisation, offers a meaningful case for analysing the localisation of SDGs through Panchayats. This article
critically examines the role of Gram, Taluk, and Zilla Panchayats in achieving major SDG targets relating to poverty reduction, health, education, sanitation, gender equality, employment generation, and environmental sustainability in rural Karnataka. Using a descriptive and analytical approach, the study also identifies key challenges such as financial dependency, administrative capacity gaps, social inequality, and the digital divide, while
highlighting emerging opportunities through digital governance, scheme convergence, community participation, and climate-resilient rural development. The paper concludes that strengthening fiscal autonomy, institutional capacity, and participatory governance of Panchayats is essential for accelerating SDG achievement in rural Karnataka.

Keywords: Panchayati Raj Institutions, SDGs, Rural Development, Decentralisation, Karnataka, Local Governance

Paper Title:
CROSS-CULTURAL CHALLENGES AND ADJUSTMENT OF EXPATRIATES
Author Name:
Ramesha K & K. Shivachittappa
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18066637
Page No.:
347-352
View PDF Certificate
CROSS-CULTURAL CHALLENGES AND ADJUSTMENT OF EXPATRIATES
Author: Ramesha K & K. Shivachittappa

ABSTRACT
As there is an increasing change in the business world, MNCs have established foreign owned subsidiaries and entered joint ventures and strategic alliances to create a presence in intercontinental competition and to take valuable production resources. Many prospects and disputes of globalization are creating the need for expatriates to find managers and skilled workers in intercontinental positions. However, the task of expatriate employment is confused by profound differences between countries in labor markets, culture, and legal and economic systems. Moving abroad is the first step on a journey of adjustment. So, to have access to skilled staff at the time and place required, maximum MNCs are becoming aware of a need to develop intercontinental experience across a wider range of employees, from host locations as well as from the home country. Expatriate employees are required to be selected not on technical expertise alone, but also on cross-cultural fluency to maximize the expatriate effectiveness and efficiency working in a different culture. Therefore, it becomes necessary to achieve the goals and objectives set by the MNCs by training the new expatriates. The
purpose of this paper is to show the importance of training and care that can be taken to minimize the challenges that are faced by expatriates during their intercontinental assignment.

Paper Title:
A STUDY ON THE INNOVATIONS IN HRM PRACTICES IN INDIAN COMPANIES
Author Name:
Sabira Firdous
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18066723
Page No.:
353-359
View PDF Certificate
A STUDY ON THE INNOVATIONS IN HRM PRACTICES IN INDIAN COMPANIES
Author: Sabira Firdous

ABSTRACT
Organizational innovation is regarded as an essential resource for companies to thrive in this competitive economic environment. Specifically, Indian manufacturing firms aim to transform their business model from being labor-intensive to becoming knowledge-intensive. They achieve this by concentrating on activities that add more value, such as developing new
products, processes, and services, to sustain their competitiveness in their market segment. Efficient knowledge management and human resource management (HRM) techniques are two methods to enhance organizational innovation. This research examined the relationships between HRM practices and organizational innovation, which encompasses performance assessment, career development, training, reward mechanisms, and recruitment (product, process, and administrative innovation). Humans are social beings who almost always live or work in solitude. We constantly intentionally and instinctively strategize, develop, and oversee our connections. The connections stem from our actions and largely depend on our capacity to manage those behaviors. From a young age, everyone learns to comprehend others and how to behave in different social and work situations. Subsequently, we use this knowledge and comprehension to execute and oversee workplace relationships. The main challenge of handling workplace relationships is the factor that influences the whole framework of human resource management.

Keywords: product innovations, process innovation, administrative innovation, HRM, India

Paper Title:
INCLUSIVE EDUCATION THROUGH REFLECTIVE TEACHING PRACTICES
Author Name:
Saritha H.D
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18066784
Page No.:
360-366
View PDF Certificate
INCLUSIVE EDUCATION THROUGH REFLECTIVE TEACHING PRACTICES
Author: Saritha H.D

ABSTRACT:
Inclusive education aims to ensure that every learner—regardless of ability, background, gender, or socio-economic status—has equitable access to quality learning experiences. However, inclusion cannot be achieved merely through policy or infrastructure; it must be realized through the thinking, attitudes, and actions of teachers. This paper explores how reflective teaching practices serve as a powerful tool to promote inclusive education. By engaging in systematic reflection, teachers can identify barriers to participation, adapt pedagogical approaches, and create learning environments that value diversity. Drawing from theoretical perspectives and practical classroom experiences, the paper highlights the role of
self-awareness, critical reflection, and continuous professional learning in fostering inclusive classrooms. It concludes with strategies for integrating reflective practice into teacher education programs, thereby empowering educators to become agents of inclusion.

Keywords: Inclusive Education, Reflective Practice, Teacher Education, Diversity, Pedagogy, Professional Development

Paper Title:
INDIA'S LIVE EVENTS ECONOMY: A STRATEGIC GROWTH IMPERATIVE
Author Name:
Srinivasagowda K M
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18066830
Page No.:
367-372
View PDF Certificate
INDIA'S LIVE EVENTS ECONOMY: A STRATEGIC GROWTH IMPERATIVE
Author: Srinivasagowda K M

ABSTRACT
The time after economic liberalization has seen significant transformations in professions in India. A wide range of opportunities exists for candidates to join the global job market. The landscape of the Indian economy presents numerous career prospects. Fields such as the Indian economic service, finance, market, stock, and IT sectors provide various job openings.
The dynamic and sporty youth of today pursue various creative careers. Event management is a career choice that is becoming increasingly popular nowadays. This paper examines the new career opportunities following the liberalization period in India, focusing specifically on event management (EM).

Keywords: Event Management. New skills, Job Opportunities, International Cooperation

Paper Title:
TRENDS IN GROWTH AND FINANCING OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA
Author Name:
Vishakanta
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18066885
Page No.:
373-378
View PDF Certificate
TRENDS IN GROWTH AND FINANCING OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA
Author: Vishakanta

ABSTRACT
The current study examines the trends in the growth and development of higher education in India and among various states. This study has shown that the trends in the growth and development of universities and colleges, as well as enrollment, are being analyzed. Higher education is one of the essential functions hindered by India’s rapidly globalizing economy.
With India evolving into one of the most vibrant emerging markets, international universities and enterprises centered on higher education have much to anticipate in the medium and long run. India is presently amid a national election, yet the prevailing trend and governance emphasis throughout the political spectrum centers on addressing developmental issues through the use of advanced industries and technologies. This education system profile offers a comprehensive insight into the framework of India’s education system, including its educational institutions, quality assurance methods, grading systems, and patterns in outbound and inbound student movement. Higher education needs to progress with a
balanced mix of skills and knowledge to stay ahead of the increasing domestic and global demands. The research examined the current higher education landscape of the nation, including the count of universities, colleges, and student enrolments.

Keywords: Origin, Higher Education, Universities, Colleges, and Enrolment.

Paper Title:
A STUDY ON THE INNOVATIONS IN HRM PRACTICES IN INDIAN COMPANIES
Author Name:
Sabira Firdous
Country:
India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18066723
Page No.:
353-359
View PDF Certificate
A STUDY ON THE INNOVATIONS IN HRM PRACTICES IN INDIAN COMPANIES
Author: Sabira Firdous

ABSTRACT
Organizational innovation is regarded as an essential resource for companies to thrive in this competitive economic environment. Specifically, Indian manufacturing firms aim to transform their business model from being labor-intensive to becoming knowledge-intensive. They achieve this by concentrating on activities that add more value, such as developing new
products, processes, and services, to sustain their competitiveness in their market segment. Efficient knowledge management and human resource management (HRM) techniques are two methods to enhance organizational innovation. This research examined the relationships between HRM practices and organizational innovation, which encompasses performance assessment, career development, training, reward mechanisms, and recruitment (product, process, and administrative innovation). Humans are social beings who almost always live or work in solitude. We constantly intentionally and instinctively strategize, develop, and oversee our connections. The connections stem from our actions and largely depend on our capacity to manage those behaviors. From a young age, everyone learns to comprehend others and how to behave in different social and work situations. Subsequently, we use this knowledge and comprehension to execute and oversee workplace relationships. The main challenge of handling workplace relationships is the factor that influences the whole framework of human resource management.

Keywords: product innovations, process innovation, administrative innovation, HRM, India

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