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Archives Volume-10, Issue-1 (January-June)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Paper Title:
ECONOMIC THOUGHT OF DEEN DAYAL UPADHYAY
Author Name:
Kartar Singh
Country:
India
Page No.:
9-14
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ECONOMIC THOUGHT OF DEEN DAYAL UPADHYAY
Author: Kartar Singh

Deen Dayal Upadhyay wanted Bhartiya mulya or values to be inculcated in people. Integral humanism of Hinduism knowledge can only solve the conflicts. Man is a part of nature and lives on the resources. Mutual behaviour of human beings and action reactions with nature is the integral humanism. West has created economic system which is run by constitutions methods, they are against laws of nature therefore, invite problems and calamities. It can be removed through integral humanism of Deen Dayal. He asserted that underdeveloped countries should not immediately adopt industrialisation but pursue agriculture then only their economic problems can be solved because it will lead to poverty and unemployment. If any country continuously and efficiently plans and nature is favourable then self-inefficiency in food grains can be achieved and it is necessary. Many times ignoring agriculture and promoting industries can prove to be disastrous. He was in favour of decentalisation. This paper analyses economic thought of Deen Dayal Upadhyay.
Keywords: Deen Dayal Upadhyay, Economic Thought, decentralization, Ekatma Arthneeti,

Paper Title:
EMERGING TRENDS OF ONLINE FOOD ORDERING APPS IN INDIA
Author Name:
Rupina Popli, Subash Chandra Nath
Country:
India
Page No.:
15-20
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EMERGING TRENDS OF ONLINE FOOD ORDERING APPS IN INDIA
Author: Rupina Popli, Subash Chandra Nath

on-line food ordering may be a method wherever the client looks for the restaurants and filter with the offered things, cuisines therefore place order by numerous applications via mobile. Technology compete a significant role in introduction and advancement of mobile food apps. Zomato, Swiggy, Foodpanda, Ubereats, Fasoos, etc. are frequently used apps by the client. Mobile food apps have tie-ups with many restaurants and act as a bridge between restaurants and other people. Throughout this study, our main focus was to envision the trends to order the food on-line. During this paper, three objectives were set for study. The first one was to check the origin; and future scope of on-line food delivery apps and second one was to describe the advantages of on-line food delivery apps and third objective was to spot the issues and prospects of on-line food delivery apps. To achieve these objectives, secondary data was accustomed for gathering the information. It had been found that there have been many benefits such as: flexibility, easy accessibility, GPS, real time chase, loyalty, order customization, selling and a few issues such as: deliverymen place themselves in danger, addiction, juggling with health issues, waste of money etc.
Keywords: online applications, Technology, food ordering, restaurants, GPS,Client

Paper Title:
STUDY ON RECRUITMENT & SELECTION: A REVIEW
Author Name:
Chetna, Divya Jyoti Thakur, Raounak Verma, Rashmi Dwivedi
Country:
India
Page No.:
21-24
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STUDY ON RECRUITMENT & SELECTION: A REVIEW
Author: Chetna, Divya Jyoti Thakur, Raounak Verma, Rashmi Dwivedi

Recruitment and selection are critical functions of human resource management that ensure the right individuals are hired for the right job. This research paper aims to examine the recruitment and selection process, identify the challenges faced in the process, and provide solutions to improve the process. The study adopts a qualitative approach and uses secondary data from relevant books and websites. The research found that the recruitment and selection process can be improved by using a structured and objective approach, utilizing various recruitment sources, conducting thorough background checks, and providing training and development opportunities for employees. The findings have implications for organizations, and the study recommends that they adopt best practices in recruitment and selection to enhance their competitiveness in the labor market.
KEYWORDS: Recruitment, Selection, Human Resource Management, Best Practices, Employee Development

Paper Title:
ERP INTEGRATION IN MAHARASHTRA'S SMES: OPPORTUNITIES AND HURDLES
Author Name:
Patil Abhishek Pramod & Sandeep Soni
Country:
India
Page No.:
25-29
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ERP INTEGRATION IN MAHARASHTRA'S SMES: OPPORTUNITIES AND HURDLES
Author: Patil Abhishek Pramod & Sandeep Soni

ABSTRACT
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems have emerged as pivotal tools for enhancing
operational efficiency and competitiveness in businesses across various industries. In the
context of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Maharashtra, India, the integration of
ERP systems presents both opportunities and challenges. This research paper critically
examines the landscape of ERP integration in Maharashtra's SME sector, delving into the key
opportunities it offers and the hurdles it faces. This paper aims to provide insights into the
strategies for successful ERP adoption in Maharashtra's SMEs through a comprehensive
analysis of existing literature, case studies, and empirical data.
KEYWORDS: ERP Integration, Maharashtra, SMEs, Opportunities, Hurdles,
Implementation.

Paper Title:
ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF BLACK PEPPER CULTIVATION IN DAKSHINA KANNADA AND KODAGU DISTRICTS
Author Name:
Venkatesha Prasanna. P.K
Country:
India
Page No.:
30-42
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ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF BLACK PEPPER CULTIVATION IN DAKSHINA KANNADA AND KODAGU DISTRICTS
Author: Venkatesha Prasanna. P.K

ABSTRACT
Black pepper (Piper nigrum), known as the ―King of Spices,‖ is one of India’s most
important export-oriented spice crops. Karnataka, and particularly the districts of Kodagu and
Dakshina Kannada, account for a major share of India’s black pepper area and production.
Black pepper cultivation plays a multifaceted role in the economy of Dakshina Kannada and
Kodagu districts — contributing to farm income, employment, trade, and exports. This study
analyses the economics and performance of black pepper cultivation in Dakshina Kannada
and Kodagu, focusing on costs, yields, income, and growth trends. Cultivation requires a high
initial investment of ₹3.11 lakh in the first year and consistent annual costs of about ₹5.41
lakh until maturity. Since black pepper plants take three years to yield, the first two years
bring no returns, making it a long-gestation crop. Break-even is achieved only in the sixth
year, with cumulative profits beginning thereafter; by the seventh year, cumulative gross
income reaches ₹11.02 lakh and gross profit about ₹3.15 lakh. The area under cultivation
expanded steadily between 2011–12 and 2021–22, from 2,146 ha to 15,037 ha in Dakshina
Kannada and from 10,643 ha to 98,445 ha in Kodagu, with Kodagu’s growth nearly ten times
faster. Production showed fluctuations in Dakshina Kannada, dipping in 2015–16 and 2017–
18 before rising sharply to 82,704 MT in 2021–22, whereas Kodagu recorded rapid and
consistent growth, reaching 4,46,940 MT in 2021–22 (over five times increase). Productivity
in Dakshina Kannada fluctuated sharply (200–580 kg/ha), while Kodagu showed more stable
upward trends (237–512 kg/ha). Overall, Kodagu emerged as the dominant hub for black
pepper cultivation due to its larger area and stable yields, while Dakshina Kannada struggled
with yield fluctuations despite land expansion. Hypothesis testing based on primary data
indicates no significant year-wise differences in cultivation area or production within each
district, but a significant difference exists between Dakshina Kannada and Kodagu in both
area and production, confirming Kodagu’s clear dominance in black pepper cultivation.
Keywords: Black Pepper Cultivation, Cost and Profitability.

Paper Title:
STATUS OF PRIMARY EDUCATION IN THE MORIGAON DISTRICT OF ASSAM
Author Name:
Pranab Jyoti Sarma & Rajib Malo
Country:
India
Page No.:
43-49
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STATUS OF PRIMARY EDUCATION IN THE MORIGAON DISTRICT OF ASSAM
Author: Pranab Jyoti Sarma & Rajib Malo

ABSTRACT:
The status of primary education in the Morigaon district of Assam reflects a mixed scenario
of substantial progress in access and infrastructure alongside persistent challenges in
retention and learning outcomes. Out of the eight goals of Millennium Development goals
(MDG), two are subjected to education. These are as follows:
Goal 2: “Achieve Universal Primary Education”.
Goal 3: “Promote gender equality and empower women”.
However, the scope of this paper is concerned with the goal No.2 as stated above. The target
of this goal as defined by the member nations is to “Ensure that, by 2015, children
everywhere, boys alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling”. The
Govt. of Indian Union, with 86th amendment of its Constitution has offered its citizen the
right to primary education as one more fundamental right. Meanwhile, it also launched a
highly ambitious scheme to ensure primary education of seven years duration for all children
under the Mission of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) by the year 2010.Assam is known as one
of the educationally backward states in the national perspective. The state’s literacy rate
(69.37%) is not only lagging behind that of national average (74.04%), the rampant incidence
of dropouts at the primary level of education (39.58%) is posing a serious threat to the move
to ensure universal primary education. And if we compared the literacy rate of Morigaon
District is very low as compared to the state’s rate. Therefore, in this paper an attempt is
made to study about the status of Primary Education and causes of as well as consequences in
the Morigaon district of Assam. For the preset study was undertaken in some rural and urban
area schools of Morigaon district. Data collected through scheduled questionnaire providing
class and sex wise enrolment of the beginning of the year and students completing the class
work of the end of the year. Data for two consecutive years thus collected is used to calculate
the school wise dropout rates.
Keywords: The Mission of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), primary education, dropouts,
literacy rate, Morigaon District,

Paper Title:
GLOBALIZATION AND THE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS EXPERIENCE OF INDIA
Author Name:
Prasad .S.P
Country:
India
Page No.:
50-55
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GLOBALIZATION AND THE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS EXPERIENCE OF INDIA
Author: Prasad .S.P

ABSTRACT
Globalization is the latest catchphrase that has come to prevail globally since the 1990s. The primary reform efforts in India were initiated following a fiscal and foreign exchange crisis that placed it near default on its external loans. Hence, Indian globalization stems from internal decline and external pressure. The impact of globalization on the Indian economy in the post-globalization period is evident in the external sector - foreign exchange reserves, global trade, influx of foreign investment, etc. This paper examines the aspects of the
ongoing globalization process. This paper emphasizes the effects of globalization on the economy of India.

Keywordss : Globalisation, Payments, etc.,

Paper Title:
BEHAVIORAL BIASES AND INVESTMENT DECISION MAKING: A SUSTAINABILITY PERSPECTIVE
Author Name:
Sapna & Priyanka Devi
Country:
India
Page No.:
56-64
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BEHAVIORAL BIASES AND INVESTMENT DECISION MAKING: A SUSTAINABILITY PERSPECTIVE
Author: Sapna & Priyanka Devi

ABSTRACT
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of behavioral bias i.e. overconfidence bias on the investment decisions of the investors and the impact of irrational decision-making on the sustainability of economic growth.

Design/methodology/approach - A survey has been conducted to explore the impact of overconfidence bias on investment decision-making with the help of a well-structured closeended questionnaire. The collected data has been analyzed with the help of ordinary least square regression. Due to time and financial constraints, the target population of the study is the stock market investors, especially those who live in Amritsar city.

Findings - The findings of the study posed that overconfidence in investors impacts their investment decisions but the variation shown by overconfidence bias in investment decisions is small. The results posit the positive impact of the overconfidence bias on the investment decisions of the investors.

Research limitations/implications - The major limitation of the study is a small sample size of only 95 respondents. The other limitation is the use of non-probability sampling techniques.

Keywords - Overconfidence bias, investment decision, regression

Paper Title:
INSTITUTIONAL VOIDS AND AGRIBUSINESS DEVELOPMENT: A THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE FROM EMERGING ECONOMIES
Author Name:
Krishna Sahani, Riya Ajmera, Abhay Kumar
Country:
India
Page No.:
65-77
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INSTITUTIONAL VOIDS AND AGRIBUSINESS DEVELOPMENT: A THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE FROM EMERGING ECONOMIES
Author: Krishna Sahani, Riya Ajmera, Abhay Kumar

This study provides a theoretical examination of institutional voids and their implications for agribusiness development in emerging economies. Institutional voids, characterized by weak regulatory systems, limited market intermediaries, and inadequate infrastructure, significantly influence the functioning of agricultural markets and value chains. Drawing on existing literature, the paper synthesizes key perspectives to understand how these institutional deficiencies shape agribusiness strategies, innovation, and market participation. The findings suggest that while institutional voids create barriers such as increased transaction costs, financial exclusion, and inefficiencies in value chain integration, they also stimulate adaptive responses, including the emergence of informal institutions, cooperative structures, and
innovative business models. The study further highlights the role of governance, policy
interventions, and digital technologies in mitigating institutional gaps and promoting
sustainable agribusiness development. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of
inclusivity, particularly in addressing challenges faced by smallholder farmers and
marginalized groups. Overall, the paper contributes to the theoretical discourse by presenting an integrated understanding of institutional voids as both constraints and opportunities and underscores the need for context-specific and multi-dimensional approaches to strengthen agribusiness ecosystems in emerging economies.

Paper Title:
PLATFORMIZATION OF AGRICULTURE: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR DIGITAL AGRIBUSINESS ECOSYSTEMS
Author Name:
Nitish Kant Mishra, Rajesh Kumar Sharma, Swati Pathak
Country:
India
Page No.:
78-89
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PLATFORMIZATION OF AGRICULTURE: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR DIGITAL AGRIBUSINESS ECOSYSTEMS
Author: Nitish Kant Mishra, Rajesh Kumar Sharma, Swati Pathak

This study examines the platformization of agriculture and its role in transforming traditional agribusiness systems into digitally interconnected ecosystems. With the rapid adoption of digital technologies such as data analytics, artificial intelligence, and mobile platforms, agriculture is increasingly shifting toward a platform-based model that facilitates interaction among multiple stakeholders, including farmers, input suppliers, financial institutions, and market actors. The paper develops a conceptual framework to understand the structure, drivers, and outcomes of digital agribusiness ecosystems. Using a systematic literature review approach, the study identifies key dimensions such as data governance, value creation, service integration, and institutional support that shape the effectiveness of agricultural platforms. The findings highlight that platformization enhances productivity, improves market access, and supports innovation, particularly for smallholder farmers. However, challenges related to data ownership, digital divide, and platform dominance remain critical concerns. The study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on digital agriculture by providing a holistic framework that integrates technological, economic, and institutional
perspectives. It also offers insights for policymakers and practitioners to promote inclusive and sustainable digital transformation in agriculture.

Paper Title:
ANALYZING FISCAL POLICIES IMPLEMENTED BY THE UTTARAKHAND GOVERNMENT AND THEIR IMPACT ON PUBLIC
Author Name:
Yasmin Ameer
Country:
India
Page No.:
90-95
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ANALYZING FISCAL POLICIES IMPLEMENTED BY THE UTTARAKHAND GOVERNMENT AND THEIR IMPACT ON PUBLIC
Author: Yasmin Ameer

Fiscal policy serves as a fundamental instrument through which governments mobilize and allocate financial resources to achieve economic growth, social welfare, and sustainable development. The Government of Uttarakhand has consistently utilized fiscal measures to support key sectors such as education, healthcare, rural development, and infrastructure. This study examines the fiscal policies adopted by the state government, with particular emphasis on the Budget for the financial year 2021–22 and the prevailing fiscal trends observed in previous years. The research analyzes sector-wise expenditure patterns and assesses their influence on the delivery of public services. Relying on secondary data obtained from official budget documents, legislative reports, and government publications, the study employs
graphical and comparative analytical techniques to evaluate fiscal performance. The findings indicate that while public spending on social and developmental sectors has increased over time, several structural and administrative challenges continue to affect the efficiency and effectiveness of public service delivery. The study highlights the need for improved fiscal management, better resource utilization, and enhanced accountability mechanisms to maximize developmental outcomes in the state.

Paper Title:
VOLATILITY FORECASTING MODELS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR PORTFOLIO OPTIMIZATION: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Author Name:
Amit Kumar , Tushar Singla
Country:
India
Page No.:
96-122
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VOLATILITY FORECASTING MODELS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR PORTFOLIO OPTIMIZATION: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Author: Amit Kumar , Tushar Singla

ABSTRACT
The concept of volatility is extremely important in measuring investment risk, pricing and portfolio performance. The growing number of financial crises, political uncertainties, various policies and technological innovations increase the complexity of markets. For this reason, accurate forecasting of volatility is required. Over the last four decades, there have been significant advances in the field of volatility forecasting from statistical and econometric models through machine learning and deep learning models. However, despite many achievements in the field, the current scientific literature lacks the synthesis of results regarding the comparative analysis of volatility forecasting approaches and its implications for portfolio optimization.
The goal of the paper is to conduct systematic and comprehensive review of the development of volatility forecasting models and its impact on portfolio optimization process. This paper presents the systematic literature review of the development of traditional statistical methods, GARCH family models, stochastic volatility models, machine learning and deep learning models and hybrid volatility forecasting models. Special attention is paid to the capability of each of these models to account for the stylized facts of financial time series: volatility clustering, leverage effect, persistence, long memory, nonlinearity and regimes.
This paper also studies the influence of volatility forecasts on portfolio optimization using different portfolio optimization methods: mean-variance optimization, minimum variance portfolios, risk parity portfolios and dynamic asset allocation portfolios. It is shown that more accurate volatility forecasts help improve risk measurement, asset allocation effectiveness, diversification and risk-adjusted returns of portfolios. Nevertheless, there are several problems associated with interpretability of the model, robustness of volatility forecasts in stressful periods, macroeconomic uncertainty and evaluation of volatility forecasting model performance from the economic perspective.
Based on systematic literature review, this paper develops the conceptual framework showing relationships between volatility forecasting models, risk measurement and portfolio optimization. Also, the research gaps in this field are outlined and the future research agenda including explainable artificial intelligence in volatility forecasting, hybrid econometric-machine learning approaches, regime-dependent volatility forecasting models, alternative data and uncertainty-aware portfolio optimization models is suggested.

Keywords: Volatility Forecasting, Portfolio Optimization, GARCH Models, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Hybrid Forecasting Models, Dynamic Asset Allocation.

Paper Title:
EMPOWERING CHANGE : A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP, SOCIAL INNOVATION , AND POLICY PERSPECTIVES IN INDIA
Author Name:
Prachi , Monika
Country:
India
Page No.:
123-127
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EMPOWERING CHANGE : A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP, SOCIAL INNOVATION , AND POLICY PERSPECTIVES IN INDIA
Author: Prachi , Monika

ABSTRACT
The research study revolves around understanding gender-based barriers faced by the women entrepreneurs. The aspiring and existing woman entrepreneurs facing many social and cultural barriers and it make them feel that the men have more rights to look for better job opportunities than the women. The social set up, the mindset of the people around the women entrepreneurs put restrictions on them, they are not allowed to hangout with their friends, they are not allowed to choose their careers or partners. All these stigmas have a great impact on women entrepreneurs and thereby affecting the social innovation in India. A woman entrepreneur tends to employ other women, thereby strengthening the household income of poor households and in turn contributes towards economic empowerment of women, which in turn leads towards gender equality.
This qualitative research tries to understand the phenomenon known as women entrepreneurship by examining the factors influencing women entrepreneurs, their unique features that make them a successful entrepreneur, most preferred sectors for women entrepreneurship, problems faced and the role of government scheme in women entrepreneurship. Data was collected by focus group discussion of 21 entrepreneurs, out of which 16 were men and 5 were women. According to the research, womenentrepreneurs possess certain traits such as resilience, empathy, flexibility, decentralised and team oriented and these are regarded as core strengths of women entrepreneurs. Also, the role of Stand-Up India scheme, MUDRA scheme and Women Entrepreneurship Platform of government of India is highlighted in the study.
The study concludes that an inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystem with adequate policies and financial support, mentoring and skill development is imperative for women to avail the opportunities of entrepreneurship so as to achieve sustainable socio-economic development of the country.

Keywords: Women Entrepreneurship, Social Innovation, Economic Empowerment, Gender Equality, Government Policies, India.

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